Conservation Agriculture Practices and Adoption by Smallholder Farmers in Z...

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英文文献：Conservation Agriculture Practices and Adoption by Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe-保护农业的做法和小农户在津巴布韦的采用
英文文献作者：Mazvimavi, Kizito,Ndlovu, Patrick V.,Nyathi, Putso,Minde, Isaac J.
英文文献摘要：
This study is based on a panel survey interviewing 416 farmers practising conservation agriculture for at least five cropping seasons. Farmers obtained higher yields on conservation agriculture plots than on nonconservation agriculture ones. The mean maize yield on conservation agriculture was 1546 kg/ha compared to 970 kg/ha for non-conventional draft tillage plots across all 15 districts. However, the contribution of conservation agriculture to total household food security requirements was limited due to small plot sizes. Labor and land still remains a major challenge that limits the expansion of conservation agriculture area. Winter weeding remains a challenge, with 63% of farmers practicing it. Application of residues is still limited (56% of farmers practising it). Fertilizer application is largely dependent on access to free fertilizer. The survey results show that the 78 % of the respondent farmers were initially selected by the NGOs and were provided with inputs such as seed and fertilizer. The other 22% of the farmers in the sample were selected as spontaneous adopters, who did not initially receive any NGO support to implement conservation agriculture practices. Eleven percent of the interviewed farmers had stopped conservation agriculture practices by the 2008/09 cropping season due to withdrawal of input support by NGOs. Research should continue to explore different recommendations for different areas as farmers face dynamic agro-ecological and soil environments. Conservation agriculture should not be introduced as a blanket technology for all areas, but should be flexible and adaptable to local conditions.

这项研究是基于对416名从事至少5个种植季节保护性农业的农民进行的小组调查。农民在保护性农业用地上比在非保护性农业用地上获得更高的产量。在所有15个地区，保护性农业的玉米平均产量为1546公斤/公顷，而非传统耕作小区的玉米平均产量为970公斤/公顷。但是，由于土地面积小，养护农业对家庭粮食安全总需求的贡献有限。劳动力和土地仍然是限制保护性农业面积扩大的主要挑战。冬季除草仍然是一项挑战，63%的农民都在除草。残留物的使用仍然有限(56%的农民使用)。肥料的施用在很大程度上取决于能否获得免费肥料。调查结果显示，78%的受访农户是由非政府组织初步挑选的，并获得了种子、肥料等投入。样本中另外22%的农民被选为自发收养者，他们最初没有得到任何非政府组织的支持来实施保护性农业措施。在接受采访的农民中，有11%在2008/09种植季节停止了保护性农业做法，原因是非政府组织不再提供投入支持。研究应继续探索针对不同地区的不同建议，因为农民面临着动态的农业生态和土壤环境。保护农业不应该作为一种覆盖所有地区的技术，而应该是灵活的，因地制宜的。

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