Scenario simulation of small farms’ production efficiencies in the Eastern ...

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英文文献：Scenario simulation of small farms’ production efficiencies in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa-南非东开普省小型农场生产效率的情景模拟
英文文献作者：Hosu, Sunday,Sibanda, Melusi,Mushunje, Abbyssinia
英文文献摘要：
Smallholder agriculture is not achieving its pivotal role of attaining food security in developing countries like South Africa. In rural areas, smallholder farmer’s efficiencies have always been hindered mostly by some factors beyond their control such Agro-ecological factors. The challenge is how agriculture can be a key component of the drivers of rural economic development. This article presents a scenario simulation of small farms’ production efficiencies in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa in three major agro-ecological zones namely; Grassland, Savannah and Karoo. A combination of pedo-climatic and socio-economic data in the selected villages were collected from 223 respondents in the three major agro-ecological zones: 77 in the Grassland zone, 73 in the Savannah and Karoo zones respectively. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) in the Cobb-Douglas functional form was used to model technical efficiency of the integrated small farms under different productive scenarios. The stochastic frontier analysis revealed a declining impact of soil fertility status but improved efficiency under climate variability. Overall, integrated small farms in the study areas are inefficient in their production exercise but comparatively, they are efficient under climate condition than other productive environments. There is potential for smallholder farmers to increase efficiency levels and thus total output by raising yields per hectare. In the short-term, the use of more intensive land-augmenting inputs such as fertiliser and irrigation in medium and low soil fertility agro-ecological zones can enhance productivity. In the long run, output can rely on improvements in technical efficiency.

在南非等发展中国家，小农农业没有发挥其实现粮食安全的关键作用。在农村地区，小农的效率一直受到一些他们无法控制的因素的制约，比如农业生态因素。我们面临的挑战是，农业如何能够成为推动农村经济发展的关键因素。本文对南非东开普省三个主要农业生态区的小型农场的生产效率进行了情景模拟。草原，大草原和卡鲁。从三个主要农业生态区的223名受访者中收集了所选村庄的儿童气候和社会经济数据，其中草原区77人，大草原区73人，卡鲁区73人。采用柯布-道格拉斯函数形式的随机前沿分析(SFA)对不同生产情景下的综合小农的技术效率进行建模。随机前沿分析表明，在气候变化条件下，土壤肥力状况的影响下降，但效率提高。总体而言，研究区域内的综合小型农场生产效率较低，但相对而言，它们在气候条件下的效率高于其他生产环境。小农户有可能通过提高每公顷产量来提高效率水平，从而提高总产量。在短期内，在中、低土壤肥力农业生态区使用化肥和灌溉等更密集的土地扩大投入可以提高生产力。从长远来看，产量可以依赖于技术效率的提高。

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