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2015年诺贝尔经济学奖得主安格斯·迪顿及其获奖原因
2015年10月12日，诺贝尔奖评选委员于当地时间下午1时，在瑞典斯德哥尔摩的瑞典皇家科学院揭晓了2015年诺贝尔经济学奖得主，他就是来自美国的经济学家Angrus Deaton安格斯·迪顿荣。2015年诺贝尔经济学奖得主是安格斯·迪顿，我们当然要了解和清楚的就是其获奖原因，以及对经济学领域的贡献。下面小编就来和大家好好讲讲2015年诺贝尔经济学奖得主安格斯·迪顿及其获奖原因，注意喔~这是中英双语版本的。
官方简要获奖理由
"for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare".
【中译】在消费、贫穷和福利方面的研究。
安格斯·迪顿获奖原因：对经济学领域的三大贡献
【1】
How do consumers distribute their spending among different goods? Answering this question is not only necessary for explaining and forecasting actual consumption patterns, but also crucial in evaluating how policy reforms, like changes in consumption taxes, affect the welfare of different groups. In his early work around 1980, Deaton developed the Almost Ideal Demand System – a flexible, yet simple, way of estimating how the demand for each good depends on the prices of all goods and on individual incomes. His approach and its later modifications are now standard tools, both in academia and in practical policy evaluation.
【中译】消费者如何根据不同的商品分配支出？解答这个问题不仅对解释和预测消费模式十分必要，也对评估政策变化（比如改革消费税）对不同群体所享福利的影响十分关键。在1980年前后的早期研究中，迪顿发展出“近乎完美的需求体系”这一理论，用简单而灵活的方式评估整体商品价格和个人收入对每件商品价格的影响。他的理论和后来在此基础上进行的一系列修正现在已成为学术研究和实际政策评估所使用的标准依据。
【2】
How much of society's income is spent and how much is saved? To explain capital formation and the magnitudes of business cycles, it is necessary to understand the interplay between income and consumption over time. In a few papers around 1990, Deaton showed that the prevailing consumption theory could not explain the actual relationships if the starting point was aggregate income and consumption. Instead, one should sum up how individuals adapt their own consumption to their individual income, which fluctuates in a very different way to aggregate income. This research clearly demonstrated why the analysis of individual data is key to untangling the patterns we see in aggregate data, an approach that has since become widely adopted in modern macroeconomics.
【中译】社会收入用于开支和留存的比例是多少？为了解释资本积累和商业周期的量级，人们有必要理解收入和消费在一段时间里是如何相互影响的。在1990年左右发表的一些论文中，迪顿发现，如果从总收入和消费数据开始研究，当时通行的消费理论无法解释收入和消费之间的真正关系。相反，应该探讨的是单一个人如何根据自己收入调整消费，而这和总收入水平的波动方式截然不同。迪顿的研究清晰揭示出，对个体数据的研究对揭开综合数据模式之谜来说是多么重要。从此以后，这一方法已被广泛用于现代宏观经济学体系中。
【3】
How do we best measure and analyze welfare and poverty? In his more recent research, Deaton highlights how reliable measures of individual household consumption levels can be used to discern mechanisms behind economic development. His research has uncovered important pitfalls when comparing the extent of poverty across time and place. It has also exemplified how the clever use of household data may shed light on such issues as the relationships between income and calorie intake, and the extent of gender discrimination within the family. Deaton's focus on household surveys has helped transform development economics from a theoretical field based on aggregate data to an empirical field based on detailed individual data.
【中译】怎样对福利和贫困问题进行衡量和研究？在最近的研究工作中，迪顿强调，对个体家庭消费水平的可靠测量方法可用来解释经济发展背后的规律。他的研究揭示了人们在比较不同时期和地区贫困程度时所遇到的重要误区，也证明巧妙运用家庭数据有助于解释一系列问题，比如收入和卡路里摄入的关系、家庭里性别歧视的程度等。迪顿对家庭问题研究的重视已经让发展经济学从单纯根据综合数据进行理论研究，升华为依据详细个体数据进行实证研究。
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