1 introduction ...............................................................................................1
part 1: basic definitions and context.................................................4
2 what is a value chain?...........................................................................4
2.1 definitions ...................................................................................................4
2.1.1 the simple value chain ........................................................................4
2.1.2 the extended value chain.......................................................................4
2.1.3 one or many value chains .....................................................................6
2.1.4 one or many labels?..............................................................................6
3 why is value chain analysis important?..................................9
3.1 the growing importance of systemic competitiveness ........................9
3.2 is efficient production enough? ............................................................12
3.2.1 making the best of globalisation..........................................................14
3.2.2 the march of globalisation..................................................................15
3.2.3 winners and losers from globalisation................................................16
3.2.4 making the best of globalisation..........................................................18
3.2.5 making the worst of globalisation .......................................................18
3.2.6 how does value chain research inform this debate on globalisation? 22
part 2: key analytical constructs ....................................................24
4 is the value chain a heuristic device or an analytical
tool?........................................................................................................................25
4.1 three key elements of value chain analysis ......................................25
4.1.1 barriers to entry and rent ....................................................................25
4.1.2 governance..........................................................................................29
4.1.3 different types of value chains ............................................................32
5 value chains, innovation and upgrading...............................37
different types of upgrading.............................................................................37
6 value chain analysis and the determinants of income
distribution........................................................................................................41
6.1 mapping distributional outcomes in the value chain........................41
6.2 understanding the determinants of income distribution in value
chains......................................................................................................................43
6.3 levers of power in value chain dynamics ............................................44
7 how does value chain analysis differ from
conventional industry studies and from what social
scientists (and especially economists) normally do?.........46
part 3: a methodology for undertaking value chain
research...............................................................................................................49
8 the point of entry for value chain analysis......................50
9 mapping value chains...........................................................................53
10 product segments and critical success factor’s in
final markets....................................................................................................55
11 how producers access final markets..................................60
12 benchmarking production efficiency.................................63
13 governance of value chains ......................................................66
13.1 “governance”: an overview ..................................................................67
13.2 rule-making and rule keeping ...............................................................68
13.3 types of rules............................................................................................68
13.4 internal and external rule-setting.....................................................69
13.5 sanctions in the rule-regime..................................................................72
13.6 the legitimacy of power .........................................................................73
13.7 the pervasiveness of the rule-regime ..................................................74
14 upgrading in value chains............................................................76
14.1 distributional issues......................................................................78
14.2 rents and barriers to entry ..................................................................79
14.3 the unit of account, that is which currency is utilised to measure
income.....................................................................................................................81
14.4 in what circumstances turnover and value added data illuminate
the analysis...........................................................................................................84
14.5 how is profitability to be measured, and are profits an appropriate
measure of distributional outcomes? ..............................................................86
14.6 the locational dimensions of income distribution ..........................90
14.7 decomposing income streams - class, gender, ethnicity, and income
groups,....................................................................................................................91
15 incorporating a knowledge focus into value chain
analysis .................................................................................................................94
16 how do smes fit into global value chains?......................97
17 conclusion and policy implications...................................101
references ........................................................................................................105
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