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英文文献：Analysis Of Production Structure Of The Canadian Pulp And Paper Industry : 1961-1996-加拿大纸浆和造纸工业生产结构分析:1961-1996年
英文文献作者：Habteyonas, Michael
英文文献摘要：
A translog cost function with factor inputs of capital, labor, energy and materials was estimated for the Canadian pulp and paper industry over the period of 1961 to 1996. The results show that, the production technology can not be specified by a Cobb-Douglas production function and it is not Hicks- neutral. It was found out that, the industry is characterized by labor-saving and capital, energy and materials-using technical change. The estimated production function indicated the existence of economies of scale, although the size of the scale is not as large as those estimated for the European Union and the United States pulp and paper industries. Estimates for Allen's elasticities of substitution show that, all the factor inputs were found to be highly substitutable among each other. In addition, estimates for price elasticities were found to be sensitive to a change in their own price and relatively speaking, the demand for capital was found to be more responsive to changes in prices of energy and materials and the demand for materials was also found to be sensitive to changes in price of labor and energy.
对1961年至1996年期间加拿大制浆造纸工业的资本、劳动力、能源和材料等要素投入的超对数成本函数进行了估算。结果表明，生产工艺不能用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数来确定，也不是希克斯中性的。研究发现，该行业具有省力省资、节能降耗、物耗技术变革等特点。估计的生产函数表明了规模经济的存在，尽管规模的大小没有欧洲联盟和美国纸浆和造纸工业估计的那么大。对艾伦替代弹性的估计表明，所有的因素投入被发现在彼此之间是高度可替换的。此外,估计价格弹性是敏感的改变自己的价格,相对而言,对资本的需求更敏感地发现能源和原材料价格的变化和对材料的需求也发现敏感劳动力和能源价格的变化。
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