Multilevel Finite Mixture Model

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It is an appropriate technique for endogenously taking into account
the possible unobserved heterogeneity that may exist in the data. For multilevel (or hierarchical)
data, individuals are nested within countries, and thus the standard mixture method may violate
this dependency assumption. Thanks to the in
uential research by numerous scholars (Vermunt
(2003), Asparouhov and Muthen (2008), Asparouhov and Muthen (2009)), a multilevel nite
mixture framework has been proposed with dierent extensions (parametric and nonparametric)
that can be applied to hierarchical data, accounting for the nested structure of the data.

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关键词：Multilevel Mixture finite model multi

We examine the effect of remittances on the legitimacy of democracy in Africa, testing whether remittance recipients are less likely to support democracy than non-recipients. We hypothesize that the effect of remittances on support for democracy varies across classes (i.e., groups or subtypes) of individuals sharing similar but unobserved background characteristics. Using the Afrobarometer surveys, we try to find out whether the respon- dents fall into different hidden classes in such a way that the effect of remittances on the degree of support for democracy depends on the class. Our results support that remit- tances may be a curse for the degree of endorsement and support for democracy, depend- ing on the class of individuals that we consider. The analysis of the probability of being in the remittance curse class indicates that the perception of national priorities plays an important role. People who attest that freedom and rights are the main national priori- ties have a lower probability of belonging to the remittances curse class than individuals who choose national priorities that are oriented towards the economic conditions of their country. Journal of Comparative Economics 44 (4) (2016) 1002–1022. United-Nations Univer- sity (UNU-MERIT), The Netherlands.

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