Political Structure as a Legacy of Indirect Colonial Rule

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—Political structure as a legacy of indirect colonial rule: Bargaining be- tween national governments and rural elites in Africa Alliances between national governments and rural elites are observed in postcolonial Africa. Governments rely on rural elites to control rural regions, guaranteeing them a de- gree of authority and revenue in return. This paper provides a model to analyze the forging of such alliances. Without cooperation between the national government and rural elite, the power of the two competing authorities to compel farmers’ obedience determines the revenue of the government extracted from cash crop production. Hence, with a power- ful rural elite, the national government has a weak bargaining position and agrees to a large transfer to the rural elite. Furthermore, the government’s capacity to compel rural residents’ obedience is endogenously determined by the level of cash crop production and the power of rural elites. Because indirect colonial rule is a significant source of the elite control over residents in rural areas, cross-regional variations in colonial policies lead to various forms of postcolonial alliances between African national governments and rural elites. Journal of Comparative Economics 44 (4) (2016) 1023–1039. Faculty of Commerce and Economics, Chiba University of Commerce, 1-3-1 Konodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8512, Japan.

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关键词：Structure Political Colonial indirect politic between Legacy

1. Introduction
In postcolonial sub-Saharan Africa, many national governments have forged alliances with rural elites living within their national territories (e.g., chiefs and religious leaders). In such alliances, national governments have preserved the rural-elite authority formed during the colonial era and have ceded their resources and prerogatives to these rural elites. A good example is the alliance between the postcolonial Senegalese government and religious leaders in the Sufibrotherhoods, whose influence and control over the population in the Groundnut Basin region were reinforced by French colonial rule. To govern the region, Leopold Senghor’s regime gave preferential treatment to the religious leaders by providing direct transfers, ceding control over rural public institutions, and recognizing these leaders’ control over the land ( Cruise O’Brien, 1975 , 76–77, 101–109, 126–141; Boone, 2003 , chap. 3).