Panel Estimation Of Water Demand Based On An Episode Of Rate Reform-基于费率改革事...

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英文文献：Panel Estimation Of Water Demand Based On An Episode Of Rate Reform-基于费率改革事件的用水需求的面板估计
英文文献作者：Moreno, Georgina,Sunding, David L.,Schoengold, Karina
英文文献摘要：
Agriculture is by far the dominant user of water in the western United States and in nearly all arid regions of the planet. Despite this fact and despite a growing push to rely on price mechanisms for rationalizing water allocation, there are few econometric studies of agricultural water demand that measure its responsiveness to price. Using a unique panel data set of water use at a disaggregated level, this paper estimates the parameters of an agricultural water demand function. The approach incorporates the notion of "jointness" in the farm production function, which postulates that producers choose inputs, outputs and technology simultaneously. Estimation results indicate that the own-price elasticity of water use is in the range [-0.415, -0.275], which includes the indirect effects of water price changes on output and technology choices. The estimation results also provide the first direct measurement of the conservation benefits of investment in precision irrigation technology. Water savings from technology adoption vary widely by crop but can be as high as 50 percent relative to gravity irrigation.

到目前为止，农业是美国西部和地球上几乎所有干旱地区用水的主要来源。尽管有这一事实，尽管越来越多的人推动依靠价格机制来合理分配水资源，但很少有关于农业用水需求的计量经济学研究来衡量其对价格的反应。本文利用一个独特的分类水平用水量面板数据集，估计了一个农业需水函数的参数。该方法在农业生产函数中纳入了“联合”的概念，即生产者同时选择投入、产出和技术。估计结果表明，水资源利用的自有价格弹性在[-0.415，-0.275]范围内，其中包含了水价变化对产出和技术选择的间接影响。估计结果还提供了第一个直接衡量投资精密灌溉技术的保护效益。采用技术节约的水量因作物而异，但相对于重力灌溉可高达50%。

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