以下列出在东欧小国匈牙利出生的
20世纪的匈牙利科学四巨头学术贡献,
正是他们对科学的巨大的贡献,
极大地影响了人类文明的进程。
很有意思的是,
他们有三个共同交集:
1. 都是犹太人;
2. 最终都加入了美国国籍;
3. 都和德国的哥廷根大学(University of Gottingen)有学术联系,
冯。卡门更是哥廷根大学的力学博士(壳的屈曲)。
他们其中二人对培养中国创新型人才做出了巨大贡献:
钱学森是冯。卡门的得意弟子,
已故北大物理教授胡宁院士以及,
华裔的MIT教授美国科学院院士林家翘也是其学生;
泰勒则是杨振宁的博士论文导师。
还有63年物理诺奖得主瓦格纳,
提出自然界遵守宇称守恒定律,
目前知道自然界存在四种力的相互作用体系,
其中两种宇称守恒,
瓦格纳理论正确!
但在弱-相互作用体系,
宇称不守恒,
李政道-杨振宁定律成立!
还有一种情形目前甚至连宇称是否守恒都不知道!
现在看来,人类里绝对真理还极其遥远哦。
各位同学可能还记得已故北大教授季羡林,
就是哥廷根大学(University of Gottingen)的印度学博士。
俺极力推荐季羡林的回忆录: 留德十年,
大家想想为什么一个小镇的大学会成为世界超一流的大学?
众所周知, 计算机之父冯。诺依曼对经济学做出巨大贡献,
地球上的人都知道冯。诺依曼对博弈论的贡献,
还有在80年前的1937年冯。诺依曼发表了一篇关于经济增长的开创性论文,
其后有阿罗、萨缪尔森等一大批顶尖经济学家受其影响,
导致经济增长理论的大发展。
还是那句话,
数学家对经济学的贡献怎样估计都不会太高。
偶然地发现一条数学简单定律(中德价值恒等式), 对任何有限时间T:
德国高等教育的价值 - 中国高等教育的价值=(恒等于)德国足球的价值 - 中国足球的价值
猜测: 以上这些价值都是时间T的随机过程,能否建立与T无关的的遍历定律?
匈牙利科学四巨头:
宇称守恒之父瓦格纳
计算机之父冯。诺依曼
航空航天之父冯。卡门
氢弹之父泰勒
Eugene Wigner,
Jewish,
was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, engineer and mathematician
and received half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963.
November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995
Wigner rotation
Wigner quasi-probability distribution
Wigner semicircle distribution
Particle physics and representation theory
Quasi-empiricism in mathematics
Wigner effect
Wigner–Seitz cell
Wigner 3-j symbols
Wigner–Mnonu group contraction
Wigner–Eckart theorem
Random matrix
Windscale fire
John von Neumann,
Jewish,
was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath.
December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957
mathematics
(foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis),
physics
(quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum statistical mechanics),
economics
(game theory, theory of economic growth),
computing
(Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing),
and statistics.
Theodore von Karman,
Jewish,
was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and physicist.
11 May 1881 – 6 May 1963
Foppl–von Karman equations (large deflection of elastic plates)
Born–von Karman boundary condition (in solid state physics)
Born–von Karman lattice model (model for the lattice dynamics of a crystal)
Chaplygin–Karman–Tsien approximation (potential flow)
Falkowich–Karman equation (transonic flow)
von Karman constant (wall turbulence)
Karman line (aerodynamics/astronautics)
von Karman–Gabrielli diagram (transportation)
Karman–Howarth equation (turbulence)
Karman–Nikuradse correlation (viscous flow; coauthored by Johann Nikuradse)
Karman–Pohlhausen parameter (boundary layers)
Karman–Treffz transformation (airfoil theory)
Prandtl–von Karman law (velocity in open channel flow)
von Karman integral equation (boundary layers)
von Karman ogive (supersonic aerodynamics)
von Karman vortex street (flow past cylinder)
von Karman–Tsien compressibility correction
Vortex shedding
Edward Teller,
Jewish,
was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist.
January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003
Edward Teller is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb".
He made numerous contributions to nuclear and molecular physics, spectroscopy
(in particular the Jahn–Teller and Renner–Teller effects), and surface physics.