Pork Managers' Perception of Labor Management Practices and Their Risks-猪肉经...

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英文文献：Pork Managers' Perception of Labor Management Practices and Their Risks-猪肉经理对劳动管理做法及其风险的看法
英文文献作者：Bitsch, Vera,Olynk, Nicole J.
英文文献摘要：
Recently, discussion had reemerged over the value of integrated pest and crop management training, through intensive approaches such as farmer field schools or participatory training, as a development approach (Feder et al, 2004). This paper develops a model of human capital accumulation through participatory research and tests several hypotheses on the effectiveness of this approach to increase the adoption of soil conservation and fertility management innovations and improve farm productivity in southeast Asia. Bivariate Probit models with treatment effects are estimated using full information maximum likelihood (Evans and Schwab, 1995: Trost and Lee, 1984) and covariates related to changes in land allocation and productivity, measured before project and after project intervention, are investigates. We follow Greene (1998) to control for simultaneity between adoption and impact by using the predicted adoption decision from the second set of regressions to calculate productivity differentials. Overall, we find that treatment affects associated with the participatory research activities are significant and positive in explaining the differential adoption rates of intercropping, hedgerows, contour ridging, the usage of farm yard manure and chemical fertilizer. The positive relationship between the adoption of soil conservation and fertility management techniques and participation, given very limited productivity impact, may indicated the "value" of the participatory approach to illustrate the social costs of land degradation, sensitize participants towards internalizing these costs, and demonstrate the importance of long-run strategies to preserve land productivity, or both. Secondly, we find that there are additional benefits to participatory research activities that are not embodied in the adoption of soil conservation or fertility management techniques.

最近，又出现了关于虫害和作物管理综合培训价值的讨论，通过诸如农民田间学校或参与式培训等密集的方法作为一种发展方法(Feder et al, 2004)。本文通过参与式研究建立了一个人力资本积累模型，并对该方法有效性的几个假设进行了检验，以增加东南亚地区土壤保护和生育管理创新的采用，并提高农业生产率。利用全信息最大似然估计了具有处理效果的双变量Probit模型(Evans和Schwab, 1995: Trost和Lee, 1984)，并对项目干预前和干预后测量的与土地分配和生产力变化相关的协变量进行了研究。我们跟随Greene(1998)，通过使用第二组回归中预测的采用率决策来计算生产率差异，来控制采用率和影响之间的同时性。总的来说，我们发现与参与研究活动相关的处理影响在解释间作、灌木篱墙、等高垄起、农家肥和化肥使用的差异采用率方面是显著而积极的。积极采用水土保持和生育之间的关系管理技术和参与,给生产力的影响非常有限,可能表示的“价值”的参与式方法说明土地退化的社会成本,使敏感参与者对内化这些成本,并演示长期策略来保持土地生产力的重要性,或两者兼而有之。第二，我们发现，参与性研究活动还有采用土壤保持或生育管理技术所没有体现的额外好处。

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