On Pricing and Vertical Organization of Differentiated Products: The Case o...

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英文文献：On Pricing and Vertical Organization of Differentiated Products: The Case of Soybean Seed Industry-差异化产品的定价与纵向组织——以大豆种业为例
英文文献作者：Shi, Guanming,Chavas, Jean-Paul
英文文献摘要：
This paper investigates the pricing and vertical organization of differentiated products under imperfect competition. In a multiproduct context, a Cournot model is used to examine how substitution/complementarity relationships among products and vertical structures can affect the exercise of market power. This motivates a generalization of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (termed VHHI) capturing how market concentration and vertical structures interact to influence prices of differentiated products. The analysis is applied to pricing of soybean seeds in the US over the period 2000-2007. The analysis considers two vertical structures employed by biotech firms: vertical integration and licensing. The econometric analysis finds evidence that vertical organization has significant effects on seed prices. These effects are found to vary depending on the institutional setup and the bundling of genetic material. The empirical evidence shows that complementarity and economies of scope can reduce the effects of market concentration on prices.

本文研究了不完全竞争条件下差异化产品的定价和纵向组织问题。在多产品的背景下，古诺模型被用来检验产品和垂直结构之间的替代/互补性关系如何影响市场权力的行使。这激发了赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数(称为VHHI)的推广，该指数捕获了市场集中度和垂直结构如何相互影响差异化产品的价格。该分析应用于2000-2007年期间美国大豆种子的价格。该分析考虑了生物技术公司采用的两种垂直结构:垂直整合和许可。计量经济学分析表明，垂直组织对种子价格有显著影响。研究发现，这些效应因制度设置和遗传物质的捆绑而有所不同。经验证据表明，互补性和范围经济可以减少市场集中对价格的影响。

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