摘 要
风险导向审计(risk-based audit),是指注册会计师立足于对审计风险进行系统分析,并以被审计单位的经营风险为出发点,以识别、评估、控制企业的重大错报风险为核心,综合运用战略管理分析工具,对高风险领域进行重点审计,将检查风险降到可接受水平的一种审计模式。风险导向审计的内涵是在确定的风险水平基础上,决定实质性测试的程度和范围。这一审计模式最显著的特点是,将企业置于一个大的经济环境中,立足于公司经营的外部环境、组织机构、运营方式等,来对公司经营过程中的各项风险因素进行评估。在审计活动的每一个流程之中,审计人员都以风险的管控和检查为核心,识别经营过程中可能存在的各项不确定因素,并对公司采取的降低风险水平的措施进行检查,判断其是否有效,最后基于前面各项工作出具审计报告,其实质是对公司存在的风险进行监察与评估。
农机采棉公司的主营业务具有季节性、现金结算比例较高等特性,这给审计人员带来了一定的挑战。本文立足于国内发展较快的X会计师事务所,以其所承接的Y公司审计项目为例,分析X会计师事务所风险导向审计的实施过程与方法,指出X会计师事务所在审计过程中存在的问题,包括风险评估程序的执行未充分考虑行业特点、截止测试审计工作底稿不完善、存货监盘程序执行不到位、对往来函证的控制存在缺陷、审计人员安排不合理、未按规定对审计底稿进行复核等,最后结合案例的分析情况,得出建议与启示,对该行业审计提供一定的借鉴作用。
本文采用案例研究法,在广泛检索和搜集与风险导向审计有关文献的基础上,以X会计师事务所承接的Y公司审计项目的案例为研究对象。一是通过对以往文献的研究结论的整理,进行学习与借鉴。二是对风险导向审计理论及其特点等进行简单介绍。三是对会计师事务所与被审计单位双方的基本情况进行简介,通过对审计过程的回顾,梳理出X会计师事务所在审计过程中存在的问题。四是采用相关理论对X会计师事务所应用风险导向审计案例进行深入分析,发现:(一)我国会计师事务所审计人员风险意识亟需提高;(二)会计师事务所应当重视风险评估程序在审计过程中的应用;(三)会计师事务所应加大对人员的职业后续教育,提升审计人员的专业判断能力。五是根据案例研究结论,对会计师事务所应用风险导向审计方法提出建议,以期为目前大量的中小会计师事务所充分运用现代风险导向审计方法提供借鉴。
关键词: 会计师事务所 风险导向审计 农机采棉行业
Abstract
Risk-basedaudit means that the CPA is based on a systematic analysis of the audit riskand takes the operating risk of the audited entity as the starting point, andidentifies, evaluates, and controls the company's major misstatement risk asthe core. Use strategic management analysis tools to conduct focused audits ofhigh-risk areas and reduce audit risk to an acceptable level of auditing. Theconnotation of risk-oriented auditing is to determine the extent and scope ofsubstantive testing based on the determined risk level. The most significantfeature of this audit model is to place the company in a large economicenvironment, based on the external environment, organizational structure, andoperating methods of the company's operations, to evaluate various risk factorsin the company's business process. In each process of audit activities, theauditors take the risk control and inspection as the core, identify anyuncertain factors that may exist in the business process, and inspect themeasures taken by the company to reduce the risk level, and determine theWhether it is effective or not, an audit report is issued based on the previouswork. The essence of this is to monitor and assess the company's existingrisks.
Themain business of agricultural machinery picking companies is characterized byseasonality and high cash settlement ratio, which brings certain challenges toauditors. This article is based on the rapidly developing X accounting firm inChina and takes the Y company's audit project as an example to analyze theimplementation process and method of risk-oriented auditing of X accountingfirm, and points out that X accounting firm exists in the audit process.Problems, including the implementation of risk assessment procedures that donot fully consider the characteristics of the industry, deadlines for testaudits, incomplete drafts, inadequate implementation of inventory monitoringprocedures, lack of control over correspondence, unreasonable arrangements forauditors, and failure to comply with regulations The manuscript is reviewed,etc. Finally, combined with the analysis of the case, recommendations andinspirations are drawn, which provide a certain reference for the industryaudit.
Thisarticle uses the case study method, based on extensive search and collection ofdocuments related to risk-based auditing, taking the case of Y company's auditproject undertaken by X accountants as the research object. The first is tostudy and draw lessons from the conclusions of the previous literature. Thesecond is a brief introduction to risk-oriented auditing theory and itscharacteristics. The third is to introduce the basic situation of both theaccounting firm and the audited entity. Through the review of the auditprocess, the problems existing in the auditing process of the X accounting firmare sorted out. The fourth is the use of relevant theories to conduct anin-depth analysis of the X accounting firm's application of risk-orientedauditing cases and found that: (1) The awareness of the auditors of China'saccounting firms needs to be improved; (2) The accounting firm should payattention to the risk assessment procedures during the audit process. (3) Theaccounting firm shall increase the professional follow-up education forpersonnel and enhance the professional judgment ability of the auditors. Fifth,based on the conclusions of the case studies, the CPA firm applied risk-basedauditing methods to make recommendations for the current large number of smalland medium accounting firms to make full use of modern risk-based auditingmethods to provide lessons.
Key words: accounting firm,the modern risk-based auditing,agricultural production of cottonindustry
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X会计师事务所对Y公司实施风险导向审计的案例研究
Research of XAccounting Firm’s Modern Risk-based Audit
for Y Company
研究生姓名: | 王路加 |
学位类别: | 专业学位 |
学位名称: | 会计硕士 |
研究方向: | 内部控制与审计 |
导师姓名: | 胡本源 |
导师职称: | 教授 |
答辩日期: | 2018年 5月 11日 |