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英文文献：Determinants of Farm Household Income Diversification in the United States: Evidence from Farm-Level Data
英文文献作者：Mishra, Ashok K.,Erickson, Kenneth W.,Harris, James Michael,Hallahan, Charles B.,Uematsu, Hiroki
英文文献摘要：
This study examines the determinants of income diversification of farm households in the United States. Farm households allocate their time between farm and off-farm activities to help stabilized household income (consumption). What characterizes those households who engage in off-farm activities? Is there any pattern over time? Using 1999, 2003 and 2007 farm-level data from the USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), this study estimates intensity of off-farm income (or income diversification). The results show that older operators, full owners, and small farms have higher intensity of off-farm income in total household income. In contrast, dairy farms, vertically coordinated farms and farms located in the Southern and Pacific regions have lower intensity of off-farm income. In other words, household incomes of these farms are less likely to be diversified.
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