20190213【充实计划】第981期

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充实每一天 发表于 2019-2-13 06:09
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充实每一天 发表于 2019-2-13 06:09
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《思想的力量：哲学导论》
375. 基督教影响下的伦理学（圣奥古斯丁，254-430）其伟大之处在于，他让基督教信仰具备哲学上的重要性和实质内容。

奥古斯丁在Plato的形而上学中（经过新Plato主义者普罗提诺--204至270重新解读后）找到了对基督教信仰的哲学证明。
即相信一个超越性的上帝，而借助Plato的形而上学，他让超越性领域（transcendent realm）这样的概念变得可以用哲学来理解了：即这一领域存在于时空之外，它包含或者就是一切真和善的源泉。对与恶的问题，他也在Plato和新Plato主义学说中找到了解答，这个问题被简单地表述为，既然这个世界是由完美的、善的上帝创造的，那么世上怎么会有恶？恶源自上帝以外的创造性力量（一股黑暗力量）。但造物主不是唯一的吗，奥古斯丁相信造物主是唯一的，所以这个办法不能被接受。

376. Plato说，人不可能明知一件事是恶的还去做它，所以恶的行为处于对善的无知，出自人所受的错误教育。
奥古斯丁做了修正：道德的恶并非出自错误的教育，而是出自错误的爱。他和斯多葛派一样，认为自然法则支配着一切道德，而人类行为必须与之保持一致。他认为规定宇宙命运的自然法则并不是一个无人格的理性原则。他的自然法则指的是上帝的永恒法则，被书写在人类的心灵中，通过人的良知而被理解、把握。这永恒的法则就是上帝的理性和意志。

377. 爱上帝以外的东西固然没有错，但你不能把它们当作自身是善的东西来爱，因为只有上帝是自身即善的。若把上帝以外的东西当作自身即善的来爱，比如说爱钱财、爱成功，仿佛这种东西本身就是善的，那你的爱就是扭曲的爱，远离了上帝。而道德上的恶无非就是这种扭曲的爱。


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Blockchain:

25.1


Blocks
Blockchain is a specific technology, but there are many forms and varieties.
For instance, Bitcoin and Ethereum are proof-of-work blockchains. Ethereum has smart contracts, and many blockchains allow custom tokens. Blockchains can be differentiated by their consensus algorithm (PoS, PoW, and others)—covered in Chapter 7 , Achieving Consensus, and their feature set, such as the ability to run smart contracts and how those smart contracts operate in practice. All of these variations have a common concept: the block. The most basic unit of a blockchain is the block. The simplest way of thinking of a block is to imagine a basic spreadsheet.
A block is a set of transaction entries across the network, stored on computers that act as participants in the blockchain network. Each blockchain network has a block time, or the approximate amount of time that each block represents for transactions, and a block size: the total amount of transactions that a block can handle no matter what. If a network had a block time of two minutes and there were only four transactions during those two minutes, then the block would contain just those four transactions. If a network had 10,000,000 transactions, then there may be too many to fit inside the block size. In this case, transactions would have to wait for their turn for an open block with remaining space. Some blockchains handle this problem with the concept of network fees. A network fee is the amount (denominated in the blockchain's native token) that a sender is willing to pay to have a transaction included in a block. The higher the fee, the greater the priority to be included on the chain immediately.
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Django: Mezzanine ----初步调通。
需front-end的知识才可以让其漂亮起来。。。
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epidemiology
[ˏepiˏdi:mi'ɔlәdʒi]
n.
流行病学

mitigate
*['mitigeit]
vt. 温和, 缓和, 减轻
【医】 缓和, 减轻
transitive verb
1 : to cause to become less harsh or hostile : MOLLIFY <aggressiveness may be mitigated or channeled Ashley Montagu>
2 a : to make less severe or painful : ALLEVIATE b : EXTENUATE

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underwrite——[VN] (technical 术语)
1 承担经济责任（包括支付特别费用或损失）  to accept financial responsibility for an activity so that you will pay for special costs or for losses it may make
2 担保，承保  to accept responsibility for an insurance policy so that you will pay money in case loss or damage happens
3 包销，承销  to agree to buy shares that are not bought by the public when new shares are offered for sale

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