huhaiboo 发表于 2010-2-24 22:06 
小红每门功课(共10门)都是班上第10名,那么她的成绩是否一定是班上前十名,需要严谨的证明或者举个反例
Here is much more interesting one of simpson's paradox. The simple example follows,
Suppose five men and five women apply to two different departments in a graduate school.
| Men | Women |
| Arts | 3 out of 4 accepted (75%) | 1 out of 1 accepted (100%) |
| Science | 0 out of 1 accepted (0%) | 1 out of 4 accepted (25%) |
| Totals | 3 out of 5 accepted (60%) | 2 out of 5 accepted (40%) |
Although each department separately has a higher acceptance rate for women, the combined acceptance rate for men is much higher.