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第四次工业革命中的伦理技术运用
CEO leadership needed
需要首席执行官领导
C-suite executives deploying 4IR technologies have a tough ethical terrain to navigate. Putting in place a policy for ethical usage of technology could benefit their businesses—and society.
部署4IR技术的C-suite高管们有一个难以驾驭的道德环境。制定一项有道德的技术使用政策可以使他们的企业和社会受益。
LEADERS are increasingly demonstrating that they want their organizations to do well by doing good, and with reason. Doing good can be good for business, especially in an intensifying economic, social, and political milieu that is challenging organizations to reinvent themselves as social enterprises.
领导者们越来越多地表明，他们希望自己的组织通过做好事和有理由地做好事情。做好事对企业是有好处的，尤其是在经济、社会和政治环境日益恶化的情况下，这种环境要求企业将自己重塑为社会企业。
Deloitte Global CEO Punit Renjen’s Success personified in the Fourth Industrial Revolution report, released at the World Economic Forum conference in Davos, Switzerland, earlier this year highlights that leaders are putting a greater focus than ever on advancing society through their technology efforts.2 In fact, leaders rated “societal impact” (including income inequality, diversity, and the environment) as the No.1 factor in assessing their organization’s annual performance, ahead of financial performance, customer experience, and employee satisfaction. This view manifests in their actions as well—more than 73 percent of the surveyed organizations have developed or changed a product in the past year to generate positive societal impact through Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies.
今年早些时候在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛（World Economic Forum）会议上发布的《第四次工业革命报告》（Fourth Industrial Revolution report）中，德勤（Deloitte）全球首席执行官普尼特•仁仁（Punit Renjen）的成功体现了这一点，该报告强调，各国领导人比以往任何时候都更加注重通过技术努力推动社会进步，领导者将“社会影响”（包括收入不平等、多样性和环境）列为评估组织年度绩效的首要因素，高于财务绩效、客户体验和员工满意度。这一观点体现在他们的行动中，73%以上的被调查组织在过去一年中开发或改变了一种产品，通过第四次工业革命（4IR）技术产生了积极的社会影响。
But as organizations strive to take society forward with 4IR solutions, they are often confronted with a host of ethical issues, which can have societal as well as business ramifications. Examples of ethical “missteps” by companies abound in the media these days. One issue highlighted in the news regularly is that of data privacy, and it has left consumers understandably worried about how their data is captured, saved, and used.3 Another emerging threat is algorithmic bias, where biased data manifests itself in biased recommendations, but we’re yet to fully understand the ramifications of algorithmic bias.4 Even lack of inclusivity in technology design can negatively impact consumers, as seen in some smart city designs where people in wheelchairs are unable to access eye-level retina scanners as they require the person to be standing.
但是，当组织努力用4IR解决方案推动社会前进时，它们常常面临一系列道德问题，这些问题可能会产生社会和商业影响。如今，媒体上充斥着企业道德“失策”的例子。新闻中经常强调的一个问题是数据隐私，这让消费者对如何获取、保存和使用数据感到担忧，这是可以理解的。3另一个新出现的威胁是算法偏差，即有偏差的数据表现为有偏差的建议，但我们还没有完全理解算法偏差的后果。4即使技术设计缺乏包容性，也会对消费者产生负面影响，这在一些智能城市设计中可以看到，坐轮椅的人无法进入眼睛水平的视网膜扫描仪，因为他们需要站着的人。
These ethical issues, and others, have led to product recalls, public backlash, and/or lost revenue for companies. In this technologically and ethically complex environment, organizational values matter more than ever. If leaders don’t formulate and implement policies on the ethical usage of technology, it will likely become difficult for them to navigate the Fourth Industrial Revolution. More importantly, it could inhibit innovation and financial growth at their companies.
这些道德问题和其他问题导致了产品召回、公众反弹和/或公司收入损失。在这个技术和道德复杂的环境中，组织价值观比以往任何时候都重要。如果领导人不制定和执行有关技术伦理使用的政策，他们很可能难以驾驭第四次工业革命。更重要的是，这可能会抑制他们公司的创新和金融增长。
Our survey data from this year’s study reinforces the link between ethics and organizational growth (see the sidebar, “Methodology”), providing further rationale for why companies should care about ethically using 4IR technologies. The study found a positive correlation between organizations that strongly consider the ethics of 4IR technologies and company growth rates (figure 1). For instance, in organizations that are witnessing low growth (up to 5 percent growth), just 27 percent of the respondents indicated that they are strongly considering the ethical ramifications of these technologies. By contrast, more than half (55 percent) of the respondents from companies growing at a rate of 10 percent or more are highly concerned about ethical considerations.
我们今年研究中的调查数据加强了道德与组织成长之间的联系（见侧栏“方法论”），为公司为什么应该关心使用4IR技术的道德问题提供了进一步的理由。这项研究发现，强烈考虑4IR技术道德规范的组织与公司增长率之间存在正相关关系（图1）。例如，在增长率低（高达5%）的组织中，只有27%的受访者表示，他们正在积极考虑这些技术的伦理后果。相比之下，超过一半（55%）来自以10%或更高速度增长的公司的受访者高度关注道德方面的考虑。
DI_Ethical-technology-use-in-the-Fourth-Industrial-Revolution.pdf
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