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英文文献：Productivity Growth and Product Choice in Fisheries: the Case of the Alaskan Pollock Fishery Revisited-渔业的生产力增长和产品选择:重新审视阿拉斯加鳕鱼渔业的案例
英文文献作者：Torres, Marcelo de Oliveira,Felthoven, Ronald G.
英文文献摘要：
Many fisheries worldwide have exhibited marked decreases in profitability and fish stocks during the last few decades as a result of overfishing. However, more conservative, science- and incentive-based management approaches have been practiced in the US federally managed fisheries off Alaska since the mid 1990’s. The Bering Sea pollock fishery is one such fishery and remains one of the world’s largest in both value and volume of landings. In 1998, with the implementation of the American Fisheries Act (AFA) this fishery was converted from a limited access fishery to a rationalized fishery in which fishing quota were allocated to cooperatives who could transfer quotas, facilitate fleet consolidation, and maximize efficiency. The changes in efficiency and productivity growth arising from the change in management regime have been the subject of several studies, a few of which have focused on the large vessels that both catch and process fish onboard (catcher-processors). In this study we modify existing approaches to account for the unique decision making process characterizing catcher-processor’s production technologies. In particular, we focus on sequential decisions regarding what products to produce and the factors that influence productivity once those decisions are made using a multiproduct revenue function. The estimation procedure is based on a latent variable econometric model and departs from and advances previous studies since it deals with the mixed distribution nature of the data. Our productivity growth estimates are consistent with increasing productivity growth since rationalization of the fishery, even in light of large decreases in the pollock stock. These findings suggest that rationalizing fishery incentives can help foster improvements in economic productivity even during periods of diminished biological productivity.
在过去几十年里，由于过度捕捞，世界上许多渔场的盈利能力和鱼类数量都显著下降。然而，自20世纪90年代中期以来，在美国联邦政府管理的阿拉斯加海域的渔场中，更为保守、科学和激励的管理方法已经开始实施。白令海鳕鱼渔场就是其中之一，无论从渔值还是渔量来看，它都是世界上最大的渔场之一。1998年，随着《美国渔业法》的执行，这一渔业从有限的可进入渔业转变为合理的渔业，其中渔业配额分配给能够转让配额、促进船队合并和最大限度提高效率的合作社。管理制度的改变所引起的效率和生产力增长方面的变化是几项研究的主题，其中几项研究的重点是同时在船上捕捞和加工鱼类的大型船只(捕捞处理机)。在本研究中，我们修改了现有的方法，以考虑独特的决策过程特征的捕获处理器的生产技术。特别地，我们关注关于生产什么产品的顺序决策，以及在使用多产品收入函数做出这些决策后影响生产率的因素。估计程序是基于一个潜在变量计量模型，并偏离和推进了以前的研究，因为它处理数据的混合分布性质。我们的生产力增长估计与渔业合理化以来不断增长的生产力增长是一致的，即使在鳕鱼种群大量减少的情况下也是如此。这些发现表明，使渔业奖励合理化有助于促进经济生产力的提高，即使在生物生产力下降的时期也是如此。
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