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文献题目：Beyond Icebergs: Modeling Globalization as Biased Technical Change
作者：Kiminori Matsuyama
摘要：We propose a new approach to model costly international trade, which includes the standard approach, the "iceberg" transport cost, as a special case. The key idea is to make the technologies of supplying the good depend on the destination of the good. To demonstrate our approach, we extend the Ricardian model with a continuum of goods, due to Dornbusch, Fischer and Samuelson (1977), by introducing multiple factors of production and by making each industry consist of the domestic division, which supplies the good at home, and the export division, which supplies the good abroad. If the two divisions differ only in the total factor productivity, our model becomes isomorphic to the DFS model with the iceberg transport cost. When the two divisions differ also in the factor intensity, globalization changes the relative factor prices in the same direction across the countries, in sharp contrast to the usual Stolper-Samuelson effect, which suggests that the relative factor prices move in different irections in different countries.
我们提出了一种新的方法来模拟昂贵的国际贸易，其中包括一种特殊的标准方法，即“冰山”运输成本。关键思想是使提供货物的技术取决于货物的目的地。为了说明我们的方法，由于多恩布施，菲舍尔和塞缪尔森（1977）的影响，我们通过引入多种生产要素并使每个行业都由国内部门组成，从而将Ricardian模型扩展为连续的商品，从而提供了国内商品。 ，以及向国外供应商品的出口部门。如果两个部门仅在全要素生产率上有所不同，则我们的模型将与具有冰山运输成本的DFS模型同构。当两个部门的要素强度也不同时，全球化会在整个国家的同一方向上改变相对要素价格，这与通常的斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森效应形成鲜明对比，后者表明相对要素价格在不同国家的变化趋势不同。（机翻，如有错误请见谅）
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