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英文文献：Conserving Forests: Mandates, Management or Money?-保护森林:命令、管理还是金钱?决策者渴望了解在产生森林保护成果方面，哪些政策工具是最有效的
英文文献作者：Baylis, Katherine R.,Honey‐Roses, Jordi,Ramirez, M. Isabel
英文文献摘要：
Decision‐makers are keen to learn which policy instruments are most effective at producing forest conservation outcomes. Using data from a patchwork of programs designed to preserve the overwintering habitat of the Monarch butterfly in central Mexico, we compare the effectiveness of three conservation instruments in limiting deforestation and forest degradation: protected areas, payment for ecosystem services (PES), and forest management. Using a matched sample of one hectare parcels and a spatial lag model of deforestation, we find that for preserving forest, PES is the most effective. Protected area status is ineffective for forest protection while forest management permits also help preserve forest. Forest degradation is not limited by PES or protected area status alone, but the combination of the two instruments significantly reduces forest degradation. Forest management, however, has the largest effect on limiting forest degradation.
利用墨西哥中部为保护帝王蝶越冬栖息地而设计的一系列项目的数据，我们比较了三种保护手段在限制森林砍伐和森林退化方面的效果:保护区、生态系统服务付费(PES)和森林管理。利用一公顷的匹配样本和森林砍伐的空间滞后模型，我们发现在保护森林方面，PES是最有效的。保护区地位对森林保护无效，而森林经营许可证也有助于保护森林。森林退化不仅限于PES或保护区的状况，而且这两项文书的结合大大减少了森林退化。然而，森林管理对限制森林退化的影响最大。
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