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英文文献：Club Convergence and Clustering of U.S. Energy-Related CO2 Emissions-俱乐部汇集和聚集美国能源相关的二氧化碳排放
英文文献作者：Burnett, J. Wesley
英文文献摘要：
This study examines the convergence of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions among a panel of U.S. states between the period 1960-2009. This examination is carried out by means of a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, we conduct a novel regression-based convergence test. Unlike previous studies, this methodology endogenously identifies groups of states with emissions that are converging to a similar steady state growth path over time. In the second stage, we evaluate the rate of convergence (beta-convergence) for the whole sample and for each club based on a panel data, fixed effects model which controls for unobserved, time-invariant heterogeneous effects. More specifically, we examine how structural and non-structural variables affect the rates of convergence. Results from stage one and stage two suggest that two groups of states are converging to similar, relative growth paths: a high-emitting group and a medium-emitting group. Finally, we discuss a differentiated policy approach to mitigating carbon dioxide emissions based on the club convergence hypothesis.
这项研究调查了1960-2009年间美国各州与能源相关的二氧化碳排放情况。这种检查是通过两阶段程序进行的。在第一阶段，我们进行了一个新的回归收敛检验。与以往的研究不同的是，这种方法内生地确定了一些国家，这些国家的排放量随着时间的推移逐渐趋同于一个类似的稳定增长路径。在第二阶段，我们评估整个样本和每个俱乐部的收敛率(-收敛)，基于面板数据，固定效应模型，控制未观察到的时不变异质效应。更具体地说，我们研究了结构和非结构变量如何影响收敛速度。第一阶段和第二阶段的结果表明，两组状态正在趋同于相似的相对增长路径:高排放组和中排放组。最后，我们讨论了基于俱乐部趋同假说的减少二氧化碳排放的差异化政策方法。
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