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英文文献：Heterogeneous Responses to Social Norms for Water Conservation-对水资源保护的社会规范的异质反应
英文文献作者：Brent, Daniel A.,Cook, Joseph H.,Olsen, Skylar
英文文献摘要：
Utilizing social norms is gaining momentum as a cost-effective mechanism to promote sustainable behavior. We analyze household water data from multiple pilot programs for a company that provides information campaigns containing social comparisons of water use and personalized conservation recommendations in order to reduce household water consumption. We find significant treatment effect heterogeneity across the distribution of consumption and environmental attitudes. In the two pilots with a full year of data one utility achieves savings of 6.5%; while the other in aggregate achieved limited conservation gains. Heterogeneity based on the distribution of consumption is more important in the utility with significant savings, with the highest users saving the most water. In contrast ideology appears to be more important in the utility with an insignificant average treatment effect with dis-savings for those with very low environmental preferences and strong savings for the most environmentally-conscious. Inter-regional ideology may play an critical role since the utility with significant savings is in a much "greener" community, whereas intra-utility ideology is influential in conservative areas. We caution interpretation of the results, particularly for Utility B, as the data are still incomplete.
利用社会规范作为促进可持续行为的成本效益机制的势头正在增强。我们分析了来自多个试点项目的家庭用水数据，为一家公司提供信息宣传活动，包括用水情况的社会比较和个性化的节约建议，以减少家庭用水。我们发现显著的处理效应异质性横跨消费和环境态度的分布。在两个拥有全年数据的试点项目中，一家公用事业公司实现了6.5%的节能;而另一个总体上只取得了有限的保护成果。基于消费分布的异质性在具有显著节能效果的公用事业中更为重要，最高用户节约的水最多。相比之下，意识形态在效用方面似乎更为重要，平均处理效果不显著，对于那些环境偏好非常低的人来说存在负储蓄，而对于最具环境意识的人来说，则有很强的储蓄。跨区域意识形态可能发挥关键作用，因为具有显著节省的效用是在一个更“绿色”的社区，而内部效用意识在保守地区具有影响力。我们谨慎解释结果，特别是效用B，因为数据仍然不完整。
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