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英文文献：Differential Effects of Food Security Policies on Subsistence Farmers and the Urban Poor-粮食安全政策对自给农民和城市贫民的不同影响
英文文献作者：Miranda, Mario J.,Farrin, Kathleen M.,Larson, Donald F.,Chen, Shu-Ling
英文文献摘要：
The Global Food Price Crisis of 2007-2011 had mixed effects on the poor in developing nations. By some estimates, the Crisis lifted nearly 24 million poor farmers out of poverty; however, it also cast 68 million net food buyers into poverty. In this paper, we analyze the distributional impacts of the Crisis and the merits of different food security policies proposed to address it, focusing on policies that employ buffer stock reserves, direct cash transfers, emergency export bans, and transportation infrastructure enhancements. Of special interest are how the impacts of these policies differ among the rural and urban poor and between importing and exporting countries. Our analysis is based on a stylized stochastic dynamic heterogeneous agent model of a developing country exposed to aggregate food production and world food price risk that is populated by rural and urban poor who suffer from "malnutrition" whenever their resources are insufficient to meet basic nutritional needs.
2007-2011年的全球粮食价格危机对发展中国家的穷人产生了复杂的影响。据估计，这场危机使近2400万贫困农民摆脱了贫困;然而，它也使6800万净粮食购买者陷入贫困。在本文中，我们分析了危机的分配影响，以及为解决危机而提出的不同粮食安全政策的优点，重点讨论了使用缓冲库存储备、直接现金转移、紧急出口禁令和加强运输基础设施的政策。特别值得注意的是，这些政策的影响在农村和城市穷人之间以及进口国和出口国之间有何不同。我们的分析是基于一个风式化的随机动态异质代理模型的发展中国家暴露于总粮食生产和世界粮食价格风险，农村和城市贫困人口遭受“营养不良”，每当他们的资源不足以满足基本的营养需求。
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