这个搞不懂，牛奶的价格下降将导致奶牛的（）

1. 需求下降

我来凑分了的的地对地导弹

需求增加。考需求和需求量的区别

需求下降。奶牛的demand curve向左移动

104# AdrianW
我同意 我的推导如下
in the competitive market setting, all firms are price takers and thus are maximizing q given p. max {p*q-c(q)}  => p=c'(q)  
p decreases, if we assume cost function is convex then q decreases as well.
In terms of aggregate setting, its simply a shift in demand side of milk causing price to fall and supply to fall as well.  thus as q_milk decreases, the demand of cows decreases.

and also i dont see why price elasticity matters. (i dont see why we should use monopolists setting as well )
we should assume that before the change of prices, the firm is already profit maximizing and thus any change of price should reduce its profits  (not revenue)  whether the price elasticiy of milk is elastic or inelastic if demand side of milk and technology dont change.     (unless in an isoelastic curve setting and e always greater than 1, but in that setting you will never find an optimal point without constraints)  There is no such thing as always elastic goods and always inelastic goods. We just operate on the elastic portion of the demand (under monopolists' setting, they would not operate on inelastic parts as they can always raise prices until they reach elastic parts) Even on the elastic portion of demand, it doesn't mean we should always raise price to raise profits (otherwise people will already do so). It is true that we should always raise price to raise "revenue" if elastic but revenue is not the same as profits unless mc=0. a rule may be important for reference is the markup formula   (p-mc)/p=-1/e   Anyway, the important thing is that we should assume people are already profits maximizing before the change of price of milk.


I think one potential reason the supply side of milk will change the price given the monopoly setting is that the cost function becomes more efficient, ie. c2'(q)<c1'(q)  in this case you can prove p2<p1. Then why is c2'(q)<c1'(q)   its hard to believe its the demand of cows causing the troubles as we are talking now about shocks to supply side of milk and we assume the demand side of milk doesnt change.  So there is a supply shock of cows causing  c2'(q)<c1'(q) of milk, and thus we should see that p_cows are lower now.  But this is really the supply side of cows which is not about the question. (it also has an inverse relationship, ie. shocks of cows market affect the milk market)


I don't see why we should use monopolist market anyway in this question and thus the simple competitive market analysis should be enough .

需求下降 。我的分析过程如下：
在牛奶市场上，价格下降，供给量下降，需求量增加，需求大于供给，形成超额需求，将推动价格上涨。但在这个非均衡状态，供给量是下降的。于是在奶牛的市场上，奶牛的需求减少了，需求曲线想左移动。均衡价格下降，均衡数量下降。

需求量增加

选1需求下降

答案是需求增加。首先先搞懂需求与需求量的关系，需求量是其他因素不变，价格变化，引起的变化。需求是价格不变，其他因素改变引起的变化。看题目牛奶价格降低，导致牛奶的需求量增加，奶牛和它是互补品，导致奶牛的其它因素改变，商家需要更多奶牛去满足对牛奶要求，奶牛的需求增加

需求下降，牛奶的下降会导致牛奶的供给量下降，而牛奶的供给量下降对牛奶的生产者来说会导致奶牛的需求曲线的变动，即导致需求曲线的向左移动，也就是说需求下降