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THE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN: What Prospects for Upgrading by Developing Countries
作者：UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
Abstract
The paper opens by mapping the changes in the global auto industry in the
1990s, showing how the rapid growth in sales and production between 1990
and 1997 came largely from the emerging markets rather than the Triad
regions (North America, the European Union and Japan). However, for some
of these markets the downturn that followed was substantial and prolonged.
The emergence of regional production systems resulted in regional
integration. This created opportunities for industrial upgrading in developing
countries with links to one of the Triad regions, where a major part of
production still takes place.
The paper then describes how the relationship between assemblers and
suppliers has changed. There is a growing preference for using the same
suppliers in different locations (follow sourcing), which limits the
possibilities for component supplying by local producers in developing
countries. However, opportunities in second-tier sourcing, where a global
reach is not required, do exist. The paper shows that developing countries can
increase the possibility of integration into the global value chains of
transnational automotive companies by opening up their domestic markets.
It concludes with emphasizing the importance of fostering networks of small
firms in developing countries as a means of entering new markets.
目录：
Contents
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract vii
Introduction 1
Mapping the global auto industry 2
The restructuring of value chains in the global auto industry 19
Strategies for developing countries’ auto industries 29
Competence formation for competitiveness in the global auto industry 43
Conclusion 45
References 46
Tables
Table 1 Unit sales and production of motor vehicles by country and region,
1990 and 1997 3
Table 2 Forecasts and outcomes of growth in vehicle sales in selected emerging
market regions, 1996-1998 4
Table 3 Recovery and stagnation of vehicle sales in selected emerging markets,
1996/1997-2001 5
Table 4 Vehicle production by company, 2001 6
Table 5 Main-light vehicle assembly plant investment in emerging markets
by Triad automakers, early 1990s 7
Table 6 Main light-vehicle assembly plant investment in emerging markets
by Triad automakers, late 1990s 7
Table 7 New companies and factories for light-vehicle production, Brazil, 1996-2001 8
Table 8 New ventures in the Indian car industry, late 1990s 9
Table 9 Production and sales of light vehicles in home region by company, 1997 10
Table 10 Automotive trade between Argentina and Brazil, 1990 and 1996 14
Table 11 Components trade between the ASEAN-4 countries by destination, 1995 16
Table 12 Sourcing in India by a transnational new entrant to the industry 28
Table 13 Use of follow sourcing for a particular component system in Brazil and India 32
Table 14 Major elements of the Motor Industry Development Programme
in South Africa 38
Boxes
Box 1 Over-investment in Viet Nam 8
Box 2 The reorientation of the Mexican auto industry 11
Box 3 The changing European division of labour 12
Box 4 Brazilian vehicle manufacturers and international division of labour 15
Box 5 Adapting passenger cars to the Indian market 19
Box 6 Capability requirements in the global auto industry 22
Box 7 Valeo's global expansion 24
Box 8 The rise and decline of Freios Varga 30
Box 9 Meeting complex testing requirements in India 33
Box 10 Integration of South African production into the global value chains
of German assemblers 39
Box 11 Export producers in India 42
Box 12 The role of local institutions in facilitating the access of domestic producers
to auto industry value chains 44
Box 13 Local support for small firms in auto industry value chains 45
Figures
Figure 1 The changing nature of the auto industry value chain 27
Figure 2 Global sourcing from developing-country partners 41
Figure 3 Radiator cap sourcing 41
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