Women, Children, and Industrialization in the Early Republic: Evidence from the Manufacturing Censuses |
|||||||
| 文献名称 | Women, Children, and Industrialization in the Early Republic: Evidence from the Manufacturing Censuses | ||||||
| 文献作者 | Claudia Goldin and Kenneth Sokoloff | ||||||
| 作者所在单位 | University of Pennsylvania，University of California | ||||||
| 文献分类 | 已发表文献 | ||||||
| 学科一级分类 | 经济 | ||||||
| 学科二级分类 | 经济史 | ||||||
| 文献摘要 | The first half of the nineteenth century was a critical juncture regarding the emergence of female participation in the market economy, the increase in the wage of females relative to that of adult males, and the evolution of large scale firms in both mechanized and non-mechanized industries. We present the first systematic and comprehensive description of these events as they evolved in the states of the Northeast to 1850. Our sources are primarily samples taken from three early censuses and reports of manufacturing, 1820, 1832, and 1850. Our principal findings are: (1) that women and children composed a large share (over 40% in 1832) of the entire manufacturing labor force during the initial period of industrialization in the U.S., but that this share began a secular decline as early as 1840; (2) that the wage of females (and boys) relative to that of adult males rose wherever large scale manufacturing establishments spread and that by 1850 this ratio had risen to almost 90% its long-term level; (3) that the labor force participation of young unmarried women in the industrial counties of the Northeast was, in 1832, high by late nineteenth century standards; and (4) that the employment of females and boys was closely associated with production processes used by large-scale establishments. Women and children had been a previously under-utilized and large segment of the potential labor force, and their harnessing by manufacturing was a critical factor in the industrialization of the Northeast. | ||||||
| 参考文献 | |||||||
| 关键字 | Women, Children, Industrialization | ||||||
| 发表所在刊物（或来源） | Journal of Economic History，Vol. 42, No. 4 (Dec., 1982), pp. 741-774 | ||||||
| 发表时间 | Dec., 1982 | ||||||
| 适用研究领域 | |||||||
| 评论 | |||||||
| 上传时间 | 2011-1-24 16:06 | ||||||
| 下载文献 |
wp220.pdf[2.11 MB]
注：下载文献会消耗您一个“当日剩余下载次数” |
||||||
会员评论 |
|||||||
京ICP备16021002号-2 京B2-20170662号
京公网安备 11010802022788号
论坛法律顾问：王进律师
知识产权保护声明
免责及隐私声明
