Ãâ·ÑµÄÓÐÏÞ×ÜÌå·½²îµÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ(Ò»)_ͨÐŹ¤³Ì±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ
·¢²¼Ê±¼ä£º
2015-02-04
À´Ô´£º
ÈË´ó¾¼ÃÂÛ̳
Ãâ·ÑµÄÓÐÏÞ×ÜÌå·½²îµÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ(Ò»)_ͨÐŹ¤³Ì±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ
ÓÐÏÞ×ÜÌå·½²îµÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ
ÕªÒª£º±¾ÎĽèÖúÓÚ³¬×ÜÌåÄ£ÐÍ£¬Í¨¹ý¶ÔÓÐÏÞ×ÜÌå·½²îµÄÒ»¸ö±ÈÂÊÐ͹À¼ÆÁ¿½øÐÐÐÞÕý¶ø»ñµÃÁËÒ»¸ö×ÜÌå·½²îµÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ¡£ÎÒÃÇÒ²ÌÖÂÛÁËͨ³£µÄ±ÈÂÊÐ͹À¼ÆÁ¿µÄÏßÐÔº¯Êý֮ģÐÍÎÞÆ«ÐÔ¡£
¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º·½²î¹À¼Æ£¬¸¨ÖúÐÅÏ¢£¬±ÈÂÊÐ͹À¼Æ£¬Ä£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ
ÒýÑÔ
ÔÚ³éÑùÀíÂÛÖУ¬×ÜÌå·½²îµÄ¹À¼ÆÊÇÒ»¸öÖØÒªÎÊÌâ¡£Ò»°ãµØ£¬ÔÚ¼òµ¥Ëæ»ú³éÑùÏ£¬ÎÒÃdz£³£ÓÃÑù±¾·½²îÀ´¹À¼Æ×ÜÌå·½²î¡£È»¶ø£¬ÕâûÓÐÀûÓø¨ÖúÐÅÏ¢¡£×¢Òâµ½ÔÚʵ¼ÊµÄ³éÑùµ÷²éÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇͨ³£»áÓи¨ÖúÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÒÔÀûÓá£Òò´ËÈçºÎÀûÓø¨ÖúÐÅÏ¢ÒÔÌá¸ß×ÜÌå·½²îµÄ¹À¼ÆЧÂÊÊÇÖµµÃÑо¿µÄ¡£ÖÚËùÖÜÖª£¬¶ÔÓÚ×ÜÌå¾ùÖµµÄ¹À¼ÆÎÊÌ⣬ͨ¹ý¹¹Ôì±ÈÂÊÐ͹À¼ÆÁ¿¿É´ó´óÌá¸ß¹À¼ÆµÄ¾«¶È£¨²Î¼ûCochran (1977), ·ëÊ¿Óº¡¢Ê©Îýîý(1996), ËïɽÔó (2004)£©¡£»ùÓÚͬÑùµÄ˼Ï룬Isaki (1983) Ò²¶Ô×ÜÌå·½²îµÄ¹À¼ÆÎÊÌâÌá³öÁËÈçϵıÈÂÊÐ͹À¼Æ£º
£¬
ÆäÖÐ ºÍ ±íʾÑù±¾·½²î£¬ ±íʾ×ÜÌå·½²î£¨ÏÔÈ»£¬ÉÏʽÒþº¬ÁË¡£Õâ¶Ôʵ¼ÊÖм¸ºõËùÓеÄ×ÜÌ嶼ÊÇÂú×ãµÄ£©¡£ºóÀ´£¬Prasad ºÍ Singh (1990) ¿¼ÂÇÁËÐÎÈç µÄ¸Ä½ø¹À¼Æ£¨ÕâÀï ÊÇÒ»¸ö³£Êý£©¡£È»¶ø£¬²»Ïó×ÜÌå¾ùÖµµÄ±ÈÂÊÐ͹À¼ÆÁ¿£¬ÕâЩ¹À¼ÆÁ¿Í¨³£¶¼²»ÊÇÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«µÄ£¨¹ØÓÚÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«µÄ¶¨Òå¿É²Î¼ûCochran 1977£©¡£±¾ÎĵÄÖ÷ҪĿµÄ¾ÍÊǶÔIsaki (1983) µÄ±ÈÂÊÐÍ·½²î¹À¼Æ ½øÐÐÐÞÕý£¬Ê¹Ö®³ÉΪ¹ØÓÚÄ£Ð͵ÄÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ¡£ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÎÒÃÇÒ²½«Ñо¿ÐÎÈç £¨´Ë´¦ ºÍ ¾ùΪ³£Êý¡£ÕâÏÔÈ»°üº¬ÁËPrasad ºÍ Singh (1990) µÄ¹À¼ÆÁ¿£©µÄ¹À¼ÆÁ¿µÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«ÐÔ¡£
2£®Ö÷Òª½á¹û
ÒÔÏÂÎÒÃǼٶ¨´óСΪ µÄÓÐÏÞ×ÜÌå ÊÇÀ´×ÔÏÂÃæµÄ³¬×ÜÌåÄ£Ð͵ÄÒ»¸öËæ»úÑù±¾£º
£¨1£©
ÆäÖÐ £¬ ºÍ ÊÇδ֪µÄ²ÎÊý£¬ ÊÇÒ»¸öÒÑÖªµÄ³£Êý£¬Ò»°ãÈ¡ÖµÔÚ0Óë2Ö®¼ä£¨²Î¼ûCochran 1977£©£¬ ÊÇÏ໥¶ÀÁ¢µÄËæ»úÎó²î£¬¶ø ±íʾ¹ØÓÚ³¬×ÜÌåÄ£ÐÍÈ¡ÊýѧÆÚÍû¡£Õâ¸öÄ£ÐÍÔÚ³éÑùÀíÂÛÖÐÊÇ×î»ù±¾µÄÄ£ÐÍ£¬ÔÚÎÄÏ×ÖÐÒѱ»¹ã·º²ÉÓ㬠Èç¼ûCassel µÈ (1977), Cochran (1977)£¬Rao (2003) µÈ¡£½øÒ»²½£¬ÎÒÃǼٶ¨ ÊÇÓÃÈÎÒâµÄ³éÑù·½°¸³éÈ¡µÄÒ»¸ö´óСΪ µÄÑù±¾¡£
ΪÁ˹À¼Æ×ÜÌå·½²î £¬ÎÒÃÇÐÞÕýIsaki (1983) µÄ±ÈÂÊÐÍ·½²î¹À¼ÆÁ¿ ¶øÌá³öÈçϵķ½²î¹À¼ÆÁ¿£º
£¨2£©
¿ÉÒÔÖ¤Ã÷
¶¨Àí1 ÔÚ³¬×ÜÌåÄ£ÐÍ£¨1£©Ï£¬¹À¼ÆÁ¿ ÊÇ×ÜÌå·½²î µÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ¡£
Ö¤Ã÷£º¼û¸½Â¼¡£
ÓÉÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«µÄ·½²î¹À¼Æ µÄ±í´ïʽ£¨2£©¿ÉµÃÈçϵÄÓÐȤÐÔÖÊ£º¼Ç
£¬.
Ôòµ±³éÈ¡µÄ¸¨Öú±äÁ¿ Âú×ã ʱ£¬Isaki (1983) µÄ±ÈÂÊÐÍ·½²î¹À¼ÆÁ¿ ÓëÎÒÃǵÄÐÞÕý¹À¼ÆÁ¿ Ò»Ö£¬´Ó¶øÊÇÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«µÄ¡£
ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇ¿¼ÂÇÐÎÈç £¨´Ë´¦ ºÍ ¾ùΪ³£Êý£©µÄ¹À¼ÆÁ¿µÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«ÐÔ¡£ÎÒÃÇÓÐÏÂÊö½áÂÛ£º
¶¨Àí2 ¹À¼ÆÁ¿ ÊÇ×ÜÌå·½²î µÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼ÆµÄ³äÒªÌõ¼þÊÇ £¬£¬ÒÔ¼° .
Ö¤Ã÷£º Óɸ½Â¼µÄ£¨A.1£©Ê½ºÍ£¨A.2£©Ê½¿ÉÖª£¬ µÄ³äÒªÌõ¼þÊÇÏÂʽ¶ÔÈκΠºÍ ¶¼³ÉÁ¢£º
£¨3£©
ÏÔÈ»£¬µ± £¬£¬ÒÔ¼° ʱ£¬£¨3£©Ê½³ÉÁ¢£¬¹Ê³ä·ÖÐÔ³ÉÁ¢¡£ ÏÖÖ¤±ØÒªÐÔ¡£ÔÚ£¨3£©Ê½ÖÐÁî ÒÔ¼° ¿ÉÖª ¡£½«´Ë´úÈ루3£©Ê½È»ºóÁî¿ÉµÃ ¡£×îºó½« £¬ ´úÈ루3£©Ê½¼´µÃ
. ¶¨ÀíÖ¤±Ï¡£
Óɶ¨Àí2¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬µ± ʱ£¬ ÊǹÀ¼ÆÀà
ºÍ Êdz£Êý
ÖÐΨһµÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ¡£Òò´ËÈç¹ûÎÒÃDzÉÓÃÄ¿µÄ³éÑùʹµÃ £¬Ôò ½«ÊÇÒ»¸öºÃµÄ¹À¼ÆÁ¿¡£
3£®Ä£Äâ¼ÆËã
ÉϽÚÎÒÃǹ¹ÔìÁË×ÜÌå·½²î µÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«¹À¼Æ¡£Ò»¸öÐèÒª¿¼ÂǵÄÎÊÌâÊǾÀÆ«ºóµÄ¹À¼ÆÆä·½²îÊÇ·ñ»áÔö¼Ó£¿Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬µÃÓëʧµÄ×ÛºÏЧ¹û»áÔõÑù£¿ÔÚ±¾½ÚÖÐÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýÄ£Äâ¼ÆËãÀ´±È½Ï±ÈÂÊÐÍ·½²î¹À¼ÆÁ¿ ºÍÎÒÃÇËùÌá³öµÄÄ£ÐÍÎÞÆ«µÄ·½²î¹À¼ÆÁ¿ µÄ¾ù·½Îó²î£¨MSE£©¡£
ÎÒÃǼٶ¨Îó²î ·þ´ÓÕý̬·Ö²¼£¬²¢È¡ . ÎÒÃÇʹÓà ·Ö²¼À´²úÉú¸¨Öú±äÁ¿ µÄÖµ£¨ÕâÖÖ·½·¨ÔÚÎÄÏ×Öо³£±»Ê¹Ó㬠Èç¼ûDurbin (1959) ºÍWu (1982)£©£¬È»ºóÔÚ¸ø¶¨µÄ ºÍ ÖµÏÂÓÉÄ£ÐÍ£¨1£©²úÉú . Óɴ˼´µÃ×ÜÌåµÄÖµ¡£´ÓÖÐËæ»ú³éÈ¡ ¸ö¡£ÕâÑù£¬ÀûÓÃ&n