冠心病病人的心理特点和护理_护理学论文
发布时间：2014-05-09
来源：人大经济论坛
冠心病病人的心理特点和护理_护理学论文
摘 要
研究目的
深入了解冠心病病人的心理特点及其相关影响因素,以期为制订针对性的心理护理干预措施提供依据。
研究方法
采用问卷法调查2009年6月～2010年2月收治冠心病患者72例，男47例，女25例；年龄50～75岁，平均年龄（62.5±9.4）岁。问卷由研究者自行设计，问卷内容除一般基本信息外主要包括冠心病病人自的饮食、运动与休息、药物指导、安全问题、心理与应激、对疾病的认识6个方面。调查者与被调查者交谈，充分讲解问卷中各项问题及填表要求，使患者完全理解后填写，当场收回问卷。对3例文盲及5例年老眼花者，由病人口答，调查者代为填写。
研究结果
我们通过交谈、问卷等方式对72例冠心病患者的心理状态及活动进行了观察、记录，并总结、归纳出冠心病病人心理特点主要分为3个类型：即紧张、恐惧型，悲观、失望型和焦虑、抑郁型。紧张、恐惧型36人；悲观、失望型22人；焦虑、抑郁型14人。紧张、恐惧型是冠心病病人的主要心理特点，占50.0%；悲观、失望型占30.6%；焦虑、抑郁型占19.4%，其中紧张、恐惧型在冠心病病人发病过程中起重要作用（P <0.05）。针对不同心理特点进行疏导，72例患者心理类型均有改观，均已健康出院。
结论
冠心病病人心理反应是极其复杂的,通常具有紧张、恐惧型；悲观、失望型；焦虑、抑郁型等情绪障碍，其中紧张、恐惧型在冠心病病人发病过程中起重要作用。这些负性心理的产生与病人的人格特征、应对方式及社会支持等因素密切相关。护理人员在工作中应独立评估病人的心理状况,根据病人的心理特点和产生情绪障碍原因,充分利用各种资源和方法,有针对性地给予心理疏导,促进患者的康复及提高病人的生活质量。
关键词：冠心病；心理特点；护理；
Psychological charcteristics of patients with coronary heart disease and nursing
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To explore the psychological characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease and the involved influential factors to provide evidence for the targeted intervention program.
Methods: We conducted the survey on 72 patitnes admitted to our hospital between Jun. 2009 and Feb. 2010 by self-programmed questionnaire. Forty-seven were males and 25, females, aged 50 to 75 years, with mean age of 62.5 ± 9.4). The main items of the questionnaire included the habitual diet, exercise and rest, education of durg use and safety, pychological reaction and stress and the knowledge of coronary heart disease besides the general basic information of the patients. The survey was conducted through interview, well-explanation of the issues included in the questionnaire and requirements of the table filling before responding the questions. All questionnaires were collected on the spot. In addition, 3 illiterate patients and 5 with visual difficulty due to old age were referred to help by personal response of the patients.
Results: By interviews and questionnaire on the mental status of 72 patients with observation, records and summary, the psychological characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease could fall into 3 categories, i.e., tense and fearful(n=36), pessimistic and disppointed(n=22), anxious and depressive(n=14). The patients with coronary heart disease were characterized by tension and fear, which accounted for 50.0% of the total subjects investigated, and pessimism and disappointment ranked 30.6%, followed by 19.4% of anxiety and depression. Of all the influential factors, tension and fear played an important role in the development of the disease(P<0.05). After psychological intervention to the specific personality, the 72 patients improved greatly and were discharged with good condition.
Conclusion: Conclusion: Psychological reaction of patients with coronary heart disease appear extremely complex. Generally, they have such emotional disorders as tension, fear, pessimism, disappointment, anxiety and depression. Of all negative factors, tension and fear play a key role in the development of coronary heart disease, and such negative psychological response should strongly involve the personality of the patients, ways to cope with the disease and social support. Therefore, professional nursing staff are recommended in practice to make independent evulation of psychological status of patients with regard to their psychological characteristics and possibilities to result in the disorders by full use of the available resources and means to carefull plan the targeted intervention for early recovery and improvement of life quality of such patients.
Key words: coronary heart disease; psychological characteristics; nursing care
摘 要I
ABSTRACTIII
1 前 言1
1.1研究背景及意义1
1.2研究目的及目标1
1.3 关键词及定义2
1.4 文献回顾3
2 研究设计4
2.1研究设计：4
2.2研究对象4
2.3研究步骤：4
2.4 评价指标5
2.5 统计学分析6
3 研究结果7
4 讨论9
5 推论及建议10
5.1研究结论10
5.2不足和建议10
致 谢11
参考文献12
附 录13
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