英文标题：
《Quantum Technology for Economists》
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作者：
Isaiah Hull, Or Sattath, Eleni Diamanti, G\\\"oran Wendin
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最新提交年份：
2021
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英文摘要：
Research on quantum technology spans multiple disciplines: physics, computer science, engineering, and mathematics. The objective of this manuscript is to provide an accessible introduction to this emerging field for economists that is centered around quantum computing and quantum money. We proceed in three steps. First, we discuss basic concepts in quantum computing and quantum communication, assuming knowledge of linear algebra and statistics, but not of computer science or physics. This covers fundamental topics, such as qubits, superposition, entanglement, quantum circuits, oracles, and the no-cloning theorem. Second, we provide an overview of quantum money, an early invention of the quantum communication literature that has recently been partially implemented in an experimental setting. One form of quantum money offers the privacy and anonymity of physical cash, the option to transact without the involvement of a third party, and the efficiency and convenience of a debit card payment. Such features cannot be achieved in combination with any other form of money. Finally, we review all existing quantum speedups that have been identified for algorithms used to solve and estimate economic models. This includes function approximation, linear systems analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, matrix inversion, principal component analysis, linear regression, interpolation, numerical differentiation, and true random number generation. We also discuss the difficulty of achieving quantum speedups and comment on common misconceptions about what is achievable with quantum computing.
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中文摘要：
量子技术的研究跨越多个学科：物理学、计算机科学、工程学和数学。这本手稿的目的是为以量子计算和量子货币为中心的经济学家提供一个关于这个新兴领域的易懂介绍。我们分三步进行。首先，我们讨论量子计算和量子通信的基本概念，假设有线性代数和统计学的知识，但没有计算机科学或物理学的知识。本课程涵盖了基本的主题，如量子比特、叠加、纠缠、量子电路、预言和不可克隆定理。第二，我们提供了量子货币的概述，这是量子通信文献的早期发明，最近已经在实验环境中部分实现。量子货币的一种形式提供了实物现金的隐私和匿名性，无需第三方参与交易的选择，以及借记卡支付的效率和便利性。这些特征无法与任何其他形式的货币结合起来实现。最后，我们回顾了所有现有的用于求解和估计经济模型的算法的量子加速。这包括函数逼近、线性系统分析、蒙特卡罗模拟、矩阵求逆、主成分分析、线性回归、插值、数值微分和真实随机数生成。我们还讨论了实现量子加速的困难，并评论了关于量子计算可以实现什么的常见误解。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Computer Science 计算机科学
二级分类：Cryptography and Security 密码学与安全
分类描述：Covers all areas of cryptography and security including authentication, public key cryptosytems, proof-carrying code, etc. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes D.4.6 and E.3.
涵盖密码学和安全的所有领域，包括认证、公钥密码系统、携带证明的代码等。大致包括ACM主题课程D.4.6和E.3中的材料。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Economics 经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Quantum Physics 量子物理学
分类描述：Description coming soon
描述即将到来
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