英文标题：
《Collective Philanthropy: Describing and Modeling the Ecology of Giving》
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作者：
William L. Gottesman, Andrew James Reagan, Peter Sheridan Dodds
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最新提交年份：
2014
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英文摘要：
Reflective of income and wealth distributions, philanthropic gifting appears to follow an approximate power-law size distribution as measured by the size of gifts received by individual institutions. We explore the ecology of gifting by analysing data sets of individual gifts for a diverse group of institutions dedicated to education, medicine, art, public support, and religion. We find that the detailed forms of gift-size distributions differ across but are relatively constant within charity categories. We construct a model for how a donor\'s income affects their giving preferences in different charity categories, offering a mechanistic explanation for variations in institutional gift-size distributions. We discuss how knowledge of gift-sized distributions may be used to assess an institution\'s gift-giving profile, to help set fundraising goals, and to design an institution-specific giving pyramid.
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中文摘要：
从收入和财富分布的角度来看，慈善捐赠似乎遵循近似的幂律规模分布，这是由各个机构收到的礼物的规模来衡量的。我们通过分析致力于教育、医学、艺术、公共支持和宗教的不同机构的个人礼物数据集，探索礼物的生态。我们发现，礼物大小分布的详细形式各不相同，但在慈善机构类别中相对稳定。我们构建了一个模型来解释捐赠者的收入如何影响他们在不同慈善类别中的捐赠偏好，为机构捐赠规模分布的差异提供了一个机械解释。我们将讨论如何使用礼品大小分配的知识来评估机构的礼品赠送情况，帮助设定筹款目标，以及设计特定于机构的捐赠金字塔。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society 物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance 一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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