英文标题：
《More Opportunities than Wealth: A Network of Power and Frustration》
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作者：
Benoit Mahault, Avadh Saxena and Cristiano Nisoli
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最新提交年份：
2015
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英文摘要：
We introduce a minimal agent-based model to qualitatively conceptualize the allocation of limited wealth among more abundant opportunities. We study the interplay of power, satisfaction and frustration in distribution, concentration, and inequality of wealth. Our framework allows us to compare subjective measures of frustration and satisfaction to collective measures of fairness in wealth distribution, such as the Lorenz curve and the Gini index. We find that a completely libertarian, law-of-the-jungle setting, where every agent can acquire wealth from, or lose wealth to, anybody else invariably leads to a complete polarization of the distribution of wealth vs. opportunity. The picture is however dramatically modified when hard constraints are imposed over agents, and they are limited to share wealth with neighbors on a network. We then propose an out of equilibrium dynamics {\\it of} the networks, based on a competition between power and frustration in the decision-making of agents that leads to network coevolution. We show that the ratio of power and frustration controls different dynamical regimes separated by kinetic transitions and characterized by drastically different values of the indices of equality. The interplay of power and frustration leads to the emergence of three self-organized social classes, lower, middle, and upper class, whose interactions drive a cyclical regime.
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中文摘要：
我们引入了一个基于最小代理的模型来定性地概念化有限的财富在更丰富的机会中的分配。我们研究权力、满足感和挫折感在财富分配、集中和不平等中的相互作用。我们的框架允许我们将挫败感和满意度的主观衡量标准与财富分配公平性的集体衡量标准进行比较，如洛伦兹曲线和基尼指数。我们发现，在一个完全自由意志主义的丛林法则环境下，每个代理人都可以从其他任何人那里获得财富，或将财富输给其他任何人，这必然导致财富分配与机会分配的完全两极分化。然而，当对代理施加硬约束时，情况就发生了巨大的变化，他们只能在网络上与邻居分享财富。然后，我们提出了一种网络的非均衡动力学，基于代理决策中的权力和挫折之间的竞争，从而导致网络的共同进化。我们表明，权力和挫败的比率控制着由动力学跃迁分隔的不同动力学区域，其特征是平等指数的值截然不同。权力和挫败感的相互作用导致了三个自组织的社会阶层的出现，即下层、中层和上层阶级，它们的互动推动了一个周期性的政权。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society 物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance 一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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