Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTATISTICS1.1 Introduction
1.2 Some Basic Concepts
1.3 Measurement and Measurement Scales
1.4 Sampling and Statistical Inference
1.5 The Scientific Method and the Design of Experiments
1.6 Computers and Biostatistical Analysis
1.7 Summary
CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Ordered Array
2.3 Grouped Data: The Frequency Distribution
2.4 Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency
2.5 Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Dispersion
2.6 Summary
CHAPTER 3: SOME BASIC PROBABILITY CONCEPTS3.1 Introduction
3.2 Two Views of Probability: Objective and Subjective
3.3 Elementary Properties of Probability
3.4 Calculating the Probability of an Event
3.5 Bayes' Theorem, Screening Tests, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value Positive and Negative
CHAPTER 4: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS4.1 Introduction
4.2 Probability Distribution of Discrete Variables
4.3 The Binomial Distribution
4.4 The Poisson Distribution
4.5 Continuous Probability Distributions
4.6 The Normal Distribution
4.7 Normal Distribution Applications
4.8 Summary
CHAPTER 5: SOME IMPORTANT SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sampling Distributions
5.3 Distribution of the Sample Mean
5.4 Distribution of the Difference Between Two Sample Means
5.5 Distribution of the Sample Proportion
5.6 Distribution of the Difference Between Two Summary
5.7 Summary
CHAPTER 6: ESTIMATION6.1 Introduction
6.2 Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
6.3 The t Distribution
6.4 Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Means
6.5 Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
6.6 Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions
6.7 Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Means
6.8 Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Proportions
6.9 Confidence Interval for the Variance of a Normally Distributed Population
6.10 Confidence Interval for the Ratio of the Variances of Two Normally Distributed Populations
6.11 Summary
CHAPTER 7: HYPOTHESIS TESTING7.1 Introduction
7.2 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Mean
7.3 Hypothesis Testing: The Difference Between Two Population Means
7.4 Paired Comparisons
7.5 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Proportion
7.6 Hypothesis Testing: The Difference Between Two Population Proportions
7.7 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Variance
7.8 Hypothesis Testing: The Ratio of Two Population Variances
7.9 The Type II Error and the Power of a Test
7.10 Determining Sample Size to Control Type II Errors
7.11 Summary
CHAPTER 8: ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Completely Randomized Design
8.3 The Randomized Complete Block Design
8.4 The Repeated Measures Design
8.5 The Factorial Experiment
8.6 Summary
CHAPTER 9: SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION AND CORRELATION9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Regression Model
9.3 The Sample Regression Equation
9.4 Evaluating the Regression Equation
9.5 Using the Regression Equation
9.6 The Correlation Model
9.7 The Correlation Coefficient
9.8 Some Precautions
9.9 Summary
CHAPTER 10: MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND CORRELATION
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Multiple Linear Regression Model
10.3 Obtaining the Multiple Regression Equation
10.4 Evaluating the Multiple Regression Equation
10.5 Using the Multiple Regression Equation
10.6 The Multiple Correlation Model
10.7 Summary
CHAPTER 11: REGRESSION ANALYSIS: SOME ADDITIONAL TECHNIQUES
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Qualitative Independent Variables
11.3 Variable Selection Procedures
11.4 Logistic Regression
11.5 Summary
CHAPTER 12: THE CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION AND THE ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCIES12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Mathematical Properties of the Chi-Square Distribution
12.3 Tests of Goodness-of-Fit
12.4 Tests of Independence
12.5 Tests of Homogeneity
12.6 The Fisher Exact Test
12.7 Relative Risk, Odds Ratio, and the Mantel-Haenszel Statistics
12.8 Summary
CHAPTER 13: NONPARAMETRIC AND DISTRIBUTION-FREE STATISTICS13.1 Introduction
13.2 Measurement Scales
13.3 The Sign Test
13.4 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Location
13.5 The Median Test
13.6 The Mann-Whitney Test
13.7 The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit Test
13.8 The Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
13.9 The Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
13.10 The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient
13.11 Nonparametric Regression Analysis
13.12 Summary
CHAPTER 14: SURVIVAL ANALYSIS14.1 Introduction
14.2 Time-to-Event Data and Censoring
14.3 The Kaplan-Meier Procedure
14.4 Comparing Survival Curves
14.5 Cox Regression: The Proportional Hazards Model
14.6 Summary
CHAPTER 15: VITAL STATISTICS (ONLINE)15.1 Introduction
15.2 Death Rates and Ratios
15.3 Measures of Fertility
15.4 Measure of Morbidity
15.5 Summary
APPENDIX: STATISTICAL TABLES