食物链平衡和共同营养环境在其中的作用 单细胞生物的种间异速鳞片

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摘要翻译：
生物体的主要特征之一是新陈代谢率-单位时间内产生的能量量。当生物体的大小增加时，新陈代谢速率的增加比生物体的质量慢。这种效应被称为异速缩放。它对个体和群体的器官发育具有重要的意义。在这里，我们从单细胞生物（变形阿米巴、裂变酵母、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、葡萄球菌）的新陈代谢特性来研究这种现象的原因。我们发现单细胞生物的代谢特性是由两个主要因素决定的。一种是在共同的营养环境中通过表面获取营养的需要，这构成了异速指数2/3的基部。另一个因素是当生物的质量增加时，单位表面的养分流入有规律地增加。这是新陈代谢优势的一种表现，较大的生物需要有这种优势才能支持其新陈代谢需求。另一方面，这种优势不能太强，这可能导致物种的毁灭，生物体在食物链中觅食或争夺营养。考虑到这种营养物流入的规律性增加，我们得到了异速指数及其接近实验值的范围。这支持了一个论点，即生物有机体的新陈代谢特性，特别是种间异速尺度，实际上是由通过表面获得营养和单位表面有规律地增加营养流入来定义的，以保持食物链中种群之间的动态平衡。
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英文标题：
《The role of food chain balance and common nutritional environment in
  interspecific allometric scaling of unicellular organisms》
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作者：
Yuri K. Shestopaloff
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最新提交年份：
2017
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  One of the major characteristics of living organisms is metabolic rate - amount of energy produced per unit time. When the size of organisms increases, the metabolic rate increases slower than organisms' mass. This effect is called allometric scaling. It has important implications for the individual and population organismal development. Here, we study the causes of this phenomenon considering metabolic properties of unicellular organisms (Amoeba Proteus, fission yeast S. pombe, E. coli, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus). We found that the metabolic properties of unicellular organisms are defined by two primary factors. One is the need to acquire nutrients through the surface in a common nutritional environment, which forms the base part of 2/3 of an allometric exponent. The other factor is a regular increase of nutrient influx per unit surface, when organisms' mass increases. This is a manifestation of metabolic advantage, which bigger organisms need to have in order to support their metabolic requirements. On the other hand, this advantage cannot be too strong, which could lead to destruction of species, organisms feed on or compete for nutrients within the food chain. Accounting for this regular increase of nutrient influx, we obtained allometric exponents and their range close to experimental values. This supports an argument that the metabolic properties of living organisms, and interspecific allometric scaling in particular, indeed, are defined by nutrient acquisition through the surface and a regular increase of nutrient influx per unit surface, in a way that preserves a dynamic balance between populations within the food chain.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.04695

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关键词：食物链 Quantitative Experimental Requirements Implications unicellular surface chain 单细胞 规律