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摘要翻译：
涨落定理是在过去15年中发展起来的，它使我们对不可逆性如何从可逆动力学中产生的理解取得了根本性的突破，并为自由能变化提供了新的统计力学关系。它们描述了多粒子系统如流体被驱动到非平衡态时均性质的统计涨落，并提供了一些描述非平衡态的极少数解析表达式。也可以对短期内监测到的小系统中的涨落进行定量预测，因此涨落定理允许热力学概念扩展应用于有限系统。因此，涨落定理有望在纳米技术器件的设计和理解生物过程中发挥重要作用。讨论了这些定理及其对实验和模型系统的物理意义和结果。
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英文标题：
《Fluctuation Theorems》
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作者：
E.M. Sevick, R. Prabhakar, Stephen R. Williams and Debra J. Searles
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：
一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics 统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
Fluctuation theorems, which have been developed over the past 15 years, have resulted in fundamental breakthroughs in our understanding of how irreversibility emerges from reversible dynamics, and have provided new statistical mechanical relationships for free energy changes. They describe the statistical fluctuations in time-averaged properties of many-particle systems such as fluids driven to nonequilibrium states, and provide some of the very few analytical expressions that describe nonequilibrium states. Quantitative predictions on fluctuations in small systems that are monitored over short periods can also be made, and therefore the fluctuation theorems allow thermodynamic concepts to be extended to apply to finite systems. For this reason, fluctuation theorems are anticipated to play an important role in the design of nanotechnological devices and in understanding biological processes. These theorems, their physical significance and results for experimental and model systems are discussed.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/709.3888
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