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摘要翻译：
我们开发了新的健壮的离散选择工具，以了解在随机分配代金券的程序中，学校代金券的平均支付意愿和平均成本。我们考虑了一个非参数、不可分离的选择模型，它对效用的函数形式或未观察到的异质性的分布没有任何限制。我们发现，该模型中的福利参数可以表示为不同学校需求的函数。然而，虽然凭单的随机分配揭示了两种价格下的需求价值，但参数通常取决于这些价格之外的需求价值。我们展示了当需求被指定为完全非参数或以灵活的方式被参数化时，如何尖锐地表征我们可以学习的东西，这两种方式都意味着参数不一定是点识别的。我们使用我们的工具来分析DC机会奖学金计划中提供优惠券的福利效果，这是DC华盛顿的一个学校优惠券计划。我们发现，提供现状凭证和大量不同金额的反事实凭证都有扣除成本的正效益。相比之下，传统的logit模型产生的估计接近我们的边界的低端，因此可能低估了好处。我们还发现，积极的结果可以用方案中低学费学校的受欢迎来解释；将它们从计划中删除可能会导致负面的净效益。
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英文标题：
《Estimating Welfare Effects in a Nonparametric Choice Model: The Case of
School Vouchers》
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作者：
Vishal Kamat and Samuel Norris
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最新提交年份：
2021
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分类信息：
一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：Econometrics 计量经济学
分类描述：Econometric Theory, Micro-Econometrics, Macro-Econometrics, Empirical Content of Economic Relations discovered via New Methods, Methodological Aspects of the Application of Statistical Inference to Economic Data.
计量经济学理论，微观计量经济学，宏观计量经济学，通过新方法发现的经济关系的实证内容，统计推论应用于经济数据的方法论方面。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Economics 经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
We develop new robust discrete choice tools to learn about the average willingness to pay and average cost of a school voucher in a program that randomly allocates vouchers. We consider a nonparametric, nonseparable choice model that places no restrictions on the functional form of utilities or the distribution of unobserved heterogeneity. We exploit the insight that the welfare parameters in this model can be expressed as functions of the demand for the different schools. However, while the random allocation of the voucher reveals the value of demand at two prices, the parameters generally depend on its values beyond these prices. We show how to sharply characterize what we can learn when demand is specified to be entirely nonparametric or to be parameterized in a flexible manner, both of which imply that the parameters are not necessarily point identified. We use our tools to analyze the welfare effects of voucher provision in the DC Opportunity Scholarship Program, a school voucher program in Washington, DC. We find that the provision of both the status-quo voucher and a wide range of counterfactual vouchers of different amounts have positive benefits net of costs. In comparison, traditional logit models produce estimates towards the lower end of our bounds, and hence may understate the benefits. We also find that the positive results can be explained by the popularity of low-tuition schools in the program; removing them from the program can result in a negative net benefit.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.00103
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