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When economy is in a downturn, it is said government should spend much, for example, hire some workers to dig a ditch, and then find some others to cover it. In this way, workers get paid. Then another opinon comes out that why don't just give people money without wasting so many labours?

Logically sounds right. Really interesting.

And once I read a PPT, drawing organisation charts, which says that if a department had only three persons, the department's goal can be reached, and if it adds to more than 60 people, more work will be created with more data and tabulars. But no one knows whether the added information is so useful.

To improve the quality of life, we should decrease the working hours to reduced job burnout  and get a life.

Notes：
Lindau ：林道市
Programme ：计划，规划
Feature ： 起重要作用；以……为特色
Every reason ：充分理由
Structural unemployment ：结构性失业
Shortfall ： 差额，缺少
Lingering ：拖延的
For a time ：一段时期
Nominee ： 代言人
Nomination ：任命，提名；提名权
Stymy ：妨碍球，困难的境地；完全妨碍，从中作乱
Heavy lifting ： 困难或甚吃力的工作
Strikingly ： 显著地，突出地，引人注目地
Layabout ： 懒汉，游荡的人
Violation ： 违反，侵害，妨碍，违背，**
Lump－of－labor fallacy 劳动合成谬误
一种错误观点，认为社会中需要做的工作总量是固定的。之所以错误的原因在于：劳动市场可以通过工资的变化或移民的出人来加以调整，从而可以适应劳动供求的变化。
Fractional ：部分的，分数的，小数的
Pre-dated ： 提前出版的
Kurzarbeit ： 缩时工作制
comments：
呵呵，楼主选的文章很有意思，本身对失业率不是很有研究，倒想从侧面提一个问题，国外做研究喜欢研究小现象，然后做研究，或是对之前理论的修正，或是推翻，国内学者的研究很多都是在用国外已有理论检验中国，谈及创新，实在不如。

keep studying!

it's a really intersting esay, it will be an alternative when the technology developed and humans persue more on spirits

His reading of theory and data lead him to believe that there are structural issues pushing up the unemployment rate, but there is every reason to believe that a shortfall in aggregate demand is the main cause of lingering joblessness.
他的理论阅读和数据使他相信有结构性问题会推高失业率，但是有某种因素使人相信累积总需求的不足是造成失业延迟的主要原因。
shortfall:A failure to attain a specified amount or level; a shortage.
linger:To be tardy in acting;

it just say out the simple theory of macroeconomics. The author seems are not researcher in economic field. But I am curious about the Diamond. Who is he?

好像是《经济学家》的文章吧！