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英文文献：The Effectiveness of Development Aid for Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa-撒哈拉以南非洲农业发展援助的有效性
英文文献作者：John Ssozi,Simplice A. Asongu,Voxi Amavilah
英文文献摘要：
Agriculture is the major source of livelihood for the majority population in Sub-Saharan Africa but its productivity is not only low it has started showing signs of decline since 2012. The paper seeks to find out whether official development assistance for agriculture is effective. The data for development assistance for agriculture are broken down into the major agricultural sectors in receiving countries. The empirical evidence is based on the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments to assess the degree of responsiveness of agricultural productivity to development assistance. There is a positive relationship between development assistance and agricultural productivity in general. However, when broken down into the major agricultural recipient sectors, there is a substitution effect between food crop production and industrial crop production. Better institutions and economic freedom are found to enable agricultural productivity growth, and to increase the effectiveness of development assistance. The structural economic transformation associated with agricultural development assistance is also found to be weak. Allocation of development assistance for agriculture is primarily determined by need, although expected effectiveness also increases the assistance receipts. Agricultural assistance policies could focus more on building productive capacity to reduce the need while boosting effectiveness. Breaking down data into agricultural recipient sectors, and controlling for the potential spurious correlation under the assumption that more development assistance could be allocated where agricultural productivity is already increasing due to some other factors.
农业是撒哈拉以南非洲大多数人口的主要生计来源，但其生产率不仅较低，而且自2012年以来已开始出现下降迹象。这篇论文试图找出官方对农业的发展援助是否有效。农业发展援助的数据被细分为接受国的主要农业部门。经验证据是基于评估农业生产力对发展援助反应程度的两步系统广义矩法。发展援助和一般农业生产力之间存在着积极的关系。但是，如果将其分解为主要的农业接收部门，粮食作物生产和工业作物生产之间存在替代效应。更好的制度和经济自由可以促进农业生产力的增长，并提高发展援助的效力。与农业发展援助有关的结构性经济转型也很薄弱。农业发展援助的分配主要由需要决定，虽然预期的效力也会增加援助收入。农业援助政策可以更多地侧重于建设生产能力，以减少需求，同时提高效率。将数据分解为农业接收部门，并控制潜在的虚假关联，假设更多的发展援助可以分配到由于一些其他因素而农业生产率已经提高的地方。
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