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In just over 100 years, we've gone from the first powered flight to a scramjet capable of Mach 6. Amazing.过去短短的100年时间里，从人类第一台动力驱动的飞行器,到速度可达6马赫(6倍音速)的超音速冲压喷射发动机。航空科技的发展成绩斐然。
Earlier this week, the Air Force announced that the X-51 WaveRider, a wingless scramjet, would make its first hypersonic flight. After learning that the scramjet would reach Mach 6, we couldn't help but reflect on the progress aviation has made in just a century. We've combed the archivesto build just one of many amazing snapshots of these incredible 100 years.本周初，美国空军宣布，超音速冲压喷射发动机驱动的X-51“驭波者”将进行其首次超音速飞行。X-51的速度将达到6马赫(6倍音速)，让我们惊叹之余,不由得要回顾一下航空科技在短短一个世纪内取得的进展。《大众科技》整理了一部分档案，记录了这100年来航空发展史中的几个重要时刻，以求一窥其貌。
On December 17, 1903, the Wright Brothers embarked on the first sustained, heavier-than-air, man-powered flight aboard the Wright Flyer. Although they made history that day at Kitty Hawk, people were skeptical of aviation technology's potential. An article we published in March 1904examined what the brothers' feat meant for aviation before concluding that the machines would never develop into commercial carriers. "To say nothing of the danger, the sizes must remain small and the passengers few....navigable balloons and flying machines will constitute a great mechanical triumph for man, but they will not materially upset existing conditions as has sometimes been predicted."1903年12月17日，莱特兄弟驾驶自己制造的第一架飞机“飞行者1号”，在美国北卡罗莱纳州的基蒂霍克海滩，进行了首次有动力驱动的持续飞行。虽然当天的他们创造了历史，但人们对航空技术的潜力仍表示怀疑。《大众科学》在1904年3月刊发的一篇文章发表肯定了莱特兄弟的壮举在航空业上的伟大意义，但最后总结说，这种机械不可能会发展为商业运输器。文中说道，“先不论及安全性，载人气球和飞行机械的体积必须维持小巧，只能容纳很少的乘客...所以它们虽然是机械学上的创举，但不会像有些人预测地那样，对现有的交通业产生重大影响。”
Well, shame on us, because just over a hundred years later, we're launching wingless jets and maneuvering zombie satellites. There's even talk of an electric tethered hovering platform.但就在这些话余音在耳的区区一百年后，无翼飞机机动“僵尸”卫星，和电动绳系悬停平台已经陆续亮相。
Of course, the progression we've made in aviation was largely a matter of trial and error. For every legendary fighter jet that soared, there was a sausage plane or a zeppelin that went under. Still, as the content our archives will attest, a little imagination and perseverance went a long way.当然，我们在航空上取得的进展，也经历了许多试验和失败。在每一个传奇式战斗机成功的背后，都有一艘坠落的“香肠式飞船”或“齐柏林飞艇”。尽管如此，这些历史档案见证了，人们的想象力和毅力可以走得很远。
The Sausage Balloon and Other Early Flying Machines: April 1901图1：香肠式飞艇及其他早期飞行器：1901年4月
Two years before the Wright Brothers made history at Kitty Hawk, N.C., we covered experimental airplanes prevalent in the late 1800s. Early machines included the the sausage-shaped dirigible balloon, pictured left, and the sky-cycle, which resembled a bicycle strung on a parachute.就在莱特兄弟在基蒂霍克海滩创造历史之前两年，《大众科学》的一篇文章总结介绍了在19世纪后期比较常见的试验飞行器。它们包括香肠式飞艇，以及空中摩托——它看起来像一个降落伞下悬挂的自行车。
Giant Aviatik Airplane: June 1920图2：巨型飞机“阿维亚蒂克”：1920年6月
Around the turn of the 20th century, airplanes were little more than oversized box kites. Naturally, we were eager to cover the Aviatik, which not only looked more like the "giants of the air" that people imagined, but that was the largest airplane at the time. The plane had a wingspan of 400 feet, and could carry 22 passengers plus baggage.大约在19世纪与20世纪之交，飞机的造型都和超大号的盒型风筝差不多。“阿维亚蒂克”看起来像是一个“空中巨人”，也是当时最大的飞机。这架飞机的翼展约120米，能携带22名乘客，外加行李。
Captain Eddie Rickenbacker's Future Airliner: July 1922图3：埃迪·里肯巴克机长的未来客机：1922年7月
Eddie Rickenbacker, an American fighter pilot during the two world wars, speculated that the future commercial airliner would be capable of landing on land and water. His "superliner of the skies" would also contain cabins resembling those on a luxury cruise ship. Fancy!埃迪·里肯巴克是两次世界大战期间的一名美国战斗机飞行员，在他的构想中，未来的商业客机将具有在陆地和水中降落的能力。他的“空中超级邮轮”将有很多像豪华游轮上那样的小隔间。真不错！
Caproni's Flying Ship: June 1921图4：卡普罗尼的“飞船”：1921年6月
Gianni Caproni, an Italian aeronatuical engineer, and founder of the Caproni aircraft company, built a "flying-ship" designed to cross the Atlantic in less than a day. The vehicle, which could hold a hundred passengers, was powered by nine planes and eight engines.意大利的航空工程师詹尼·卡普罗尼，同时也是卡普罗尼飞机公司的创始人，他建造了一艘“飞船”，预计能在一天的时间内横跨大西洋。这架交通工具，可容纳100名乘客，采用9架飞机和8个引擎作为驱动。
Alexander Graham Bell's Flying Machine: April 1927图5：亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔的飞行器：1927年4月
Although he is best known as telephone's inventor, Alexander Graham Bell was also a prominent aerospace visionary. His work with tetrahedral kites led to the development of this flying machine a few years before 1910. Anticlimactically enough, the airplane failed to leave the ground.虽然亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔最响亮的名号是电话的发明者，但他同时也是一个有远见卓识的航空工程师。1910年前，他在四面体风筝方面的研究，导致了这艘飞行器的开发。遗憾的是，这架飞机从未顺利升空。
Steam-Propelled Plane: August 1923图6：蒸汽飞机：1923年8月
Although airplanes had come a long way since the Wright Flyer, American engineers were still frustrated at the fickleness of the planes' internal combustion engine. We looked at a German-developed, steam-propelled airplane as a possible model for improvement of our technology.虽然自“飞行者1号”起飞以来，飞机已经经过了长时间的发展，但工程师们仍然为内燃机的工作不稳定问题所困扰。德国制造的蒸汽驱动飞机为技术改进提供了可能的模型。
A Home for Zeppelins: September 1929图7：齐柏林飞艇：1929年9月
In 1929, we were on the cusp of the golden age of Zeppelins. The Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation planned massive, stretchy hangar in preparation for construction of the Navy's two airships, the ZRS-4 and the ZRS-5. Both helium-powered airships were to have integrated gun openings.1929年是齐柏林飞艇的黄金时代。固特异-齐柏林飞艇公司计划建造巨大的有弹性的飞艇库，以做好为海军建造ZRS-4和ZRS-5两艘飞船的准备。这两艘氦动力飞艇整合了射击孔。
图8：螺旋桨飞机：1939年2月
Whirring Gyroplanes: February 1939
Thrilled by the helicopter's recent debut, Engineers gathered in Philadelphia predicted that "wirligigs" would become standard aircraft for the Army, Navy, and the Coast Guard, among other agencies.直升机刚刚亮相不久，齐聚在费城的工程师们预测螺旋桨飞机将成为陆军，海军和海岸警卫队以及其他机构的标准机型。
The First Rocket Planes: December 1931图9：第一艘火箭飞机：1931年12月
After Professor Robert H. Goddard patented the first rocket-powered airplane, we couldn't help but imagine how it would take us beyond the skies to outer space.罗伯特·戈达德教授为第一艘以火箭为动力的飞机申请了专利，开启了人们对到达外太空的想象。
Allied Planes Versus Axis Planes: April 1942图10：盟军飞机对阵轴心国飞机：1942年4月
World War II saw massive production and progression of aircraft. Here, we compared Germany's Messerschmitt ME-109 to the Allied planes, America's P-40 and the British Spitfire.第二次世界大战见证了飞机的大规模生产和长足进展。这张图片里，将德国梅塞施米特的ME-109和盟军飞机，美国的P - 40和英国的喷火式战斗机进行比较。
The Race of the Turbo-Jets: December 1945图11：涡轮喷气机竞赛：1945年12月
The invention of jet propulsion was such a celebrated achievement that we declared May 14, 1941, as the second most important date in aviation history, after December 1903, the Wright Brothers' first flight.发明喷气推进的意义之大，足以和1903年12月莱特兄弟首次飞行相提并论，1941年5月14日被称为第二个航空里程碑。
The Century Series Debuts: December 1953图12：世纪系列亮相：1953年12月
The legendary century series--a group of high-performance planes that pushed aviation technology forward in the 1950s and '60s, began with the F-100 Super Sabre--the first jet capable of supersonic level-flight cruising. It replaced the F-86 Sabre and flew extensively in Vietnam.第一艘实用化的超音速战机F-100“超级军刀”的问世，开启了传奇的“世纪系列”的序幕——它是50年代和60年代推进航空技术向前发展的高性能飞机系列。F-100取代了F-86“军刀”战机，在越南战争中大规模使用。
Dornier Do-X, the World's Largest Flying Boat: June 1963图13：多尼尔的Do-X，世界上最大的飞船：1963年6月
Although progression made in World War II rendered boat planes obsolete, Germany's 52-ton Dornier Do-X still managed to make a splash during the early 1930s. Although people enjoyed the novelty and spectacle of a long-range flying boat, the slow-moving plane was simply too inefficient to sustain commercial interest, especially during Depression.虽然二战期间飞机的进展使得飞船逐渐退出舞台，但52吨重的德国多尼尔Do-X飞船仍在30年代初引起了轰动。尽管人们欣赏这种远程飞船的新颖性和壮观，但它缓慢的移动速度实在是低效，不能产生商业利益，特别是在大萧条时期。
Space for Beginners: July 1970图14：普通人的太空梦：1970年7月
Lots of people dream or visiting outer space, but few people actually make it through astronaut training. With that in mind, Dr. Wernher von Braun, NASA Deputy Associate Administrator at the time, wrote an article for us in which he described a "spaceplane" that could accommodate the common man--concepts for which actually went on to inform the Space Shuttle which was still four years out.许多人梦想前往太空，却很少有人能够通过宇航员训练，真正实现这个梦想。考虑到这一点，美国航空航天局副协理署长沃纳·冯·布劳恩博士，在当时写了一篇文章给《大众科学》，其中他描述了“太空飞机”的构想，可以将普通人送上太空，实际上宣告了4年后穿梭于地球和太空之间的航天飞机的出现。
Refreshments in the back and low noise levels would make the flight experience similar to the one on an airplane.后面的激活装置和低噪音水平使飞行体验与普通飞机类似。
Charles Lindbergh and an Amazing Revelation: April 1928图15：查尔斯·林德伯格：1928年4月
Less than a year after his historic trans-Atlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh had become one of the first truly modern international celebrities. In our April 1928 issue, we wrote what could now be deemed a puff piece on how Lindy splits his public and private life. It's a fascinating portrait; what is the "amazing revelation" you may ask? You'll have to find out just as our readers in 1928 did.在查尔斯·林德伯格有历史意义的跨大西洋航班不到一年后，他已成为第一个真正的现代国际名人之一。在《大众科学》1928年4月刊中，这篇文章介绍了林德伯格如何将他的公开和私人生活区分开来。
Boeing's Legendary 747 Debuts: December 1969图16：传奇的波音747亮相：1969年12月
Just as we follow the A380 and 787 Dreamliner today, the first superjumbo airliner received our full attention in December 1969, just a month before taking its first commercial flight on Pan Am's New York-London route.正如今天的A380和波音787梦想飞机一样，第一架超大型客机波音747于1969年12月走入公众的视野，一个月后，在泛美航空公司的纽约-伦敦航线进行了它的第一次商业飞行。
Our First Look at Supersonic Airliners: July 1970图17：超音速客机的首次亮相：1970年7月
Chuck Yeager first broke the sound barrier in his rocket-powered X-1 in 1947, so it's staggering to think that just 23 years later, we stood poised to take our leisure travel supersonic as well. In the summer of 1970, the SST race was three-way, with Russia's Tu-144 and the still-on-the-drawing-boards Boeing 2707-300 joining the legendary Concorde. The Tu-144 flew just 55 passenger flights, and the Boeing didn't reach the prototype phase--so we were right about the Concorde, which flew for BA and Air France until 2003.1947年，查克·耶格尔用火箭动力的X-1第一次突破了音障，让我们吃惊的是，仅仅23年后，我们在休闲旅行中已经可以享受超音速飞行。1970年夏天，有三路兵马征战超音速运输机领域，俄罗斯的图-144、仍然在设计阶段的波音2707-300以及协和超音速客机。图-144客机载客量只有55人，波音公司还没有进入原型机阶段，因此协和超音速客机是获胜者，它服务于英航和法航，直到2003年。
Werner von Braun Reveals the Space Shuttle: November 1974图18：航天飞机：1974年11月
"If you think our space program is rapidly going out of style, you are wrong," writes rocketry pioneer Wernher von Braun--a frequent contributor in the 1960s and '“如果你觉得我们的太空计划已经过时，你错了，”20世纪60年代和70年代做出卓越贡献的火箭先驱沃纳·冯·布劳恩说，美国宇航局的航天飞机概念于1974年11月正式公布。这一期《大众科学》的封面故事中，冯·布劳恩介绍了一种宇宙飞船的新构想，能够像火箭一样进入太空，然后像飞机一样返回地球。
图19:进入隐形时代：1988年7月
在美国空军公布了其B-2飞翼轰炸机之前，嗅觉敏感的美国媒体就屡屡发出“未来的轰炸机将采用飞翼设计”等诸如此类的报道。然而B-2真正的的过人之处在于它创新的引擎和雷达吸波功能。
图20:山姆大叔的飞艇：1923年1月
尽管20世纪20年代初飞艇坠落的事故层出不穷，但海军仍然建设了三艘新的商业用途飞艇。虽然他们认为人们会欣赏豪华的小隔间，对飞艇未来几年的远景有着美好的想象，但1937年兴登堡惨剧发生后,齐柏林飞艇逐渐淡出历史舞台。
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