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How would performance be used to nab dopers?
Anti-doping authorities need a better way of flagging anomalous performances or patterns of results, says Schumacher. To do this, sports scientists need to create databases that — sport by sport and event by event — record how athletes improve with age and experience. Longitudinal records of athletes’ performances would then be fed into statistical models to determine the likelihood that they ran or swam too fast, given their past results and the limits of human physiology.
The Olympic biathlon, a winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and target shooting, has dabbled in performance profiling. In a pilot project, scientists at the International Biathlon Union in Salzburg, Austria, and the University of Ferrara in Italy, developed a software program that retroactively analysed blood and performance data from 180 biathletes over six years to identify those most likely to have doped2. The biathlon federation now uses the software to target its athletes for drug testing.
Could an athlete then be disciplined simply for performing too well?
“That would be unfair,” says Tucker. “The final verdict is only ever going to be reached by testing. It has to be.” In recent years, cycling authorities have successfully prosecuted athletes for having anomalous blood profiles, even when banned substances such as EPO could not be found. But performance is too far removed from taking a banned substance and influenced by too many outside factors to convict someone of doping, Tucker says. “When we look at this young swimmer from China who breaks a world record, that’s not proof of anything. It asks a question or two.”
References
Shumacher, Y. O. & Pottgiesser, T. Int. J. Sport. Physiol. Perform. 4, 129–133 (2009).
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… Tracking an athlete over time and flagging anomalous performances would help anti-doping authorities to make better use of resources, says Yorck Olaf Schumacher, an exercise physiologist at the Medical University of Freiburg in Germany, who co-authored a 2009 paper proposing that performance profiling be used as an anti-doping tool1… in article
Manfredini, A. F. et al. J. Sport. Med. Phys. Fit. 51, 153–159 (2011).
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… In a pilot project, scientists at the International Biathlon Union in Salzburg, Austria, and the University of Ferrara in Italy, developed a software program that retroactively analysed blood and performance data from 180 biathletes over six years to identify those most likely to have doped2… in articl
卡拉韦的报道说得好听是草率,说得难听是种族偏见。在科学上充满逻辑错误和误导性,而且也带有强烈的政治和种族偏见.
在潮水般的批评声中,《自然》杂志主编蒂姆·阿彭策勒和总编辑菲利普·坎贝尔8月6日共同署名关于运动员兴奋剂的争议由来已久,并非因国籍偏见才产生,也并非想对叶诗文提出任何指控。
《自然》杂志于1869年在英国创立,常与美国《科学》杂志并称为世界两大顶牛学术刊物。 这篇文章单单因为叶诗文的国籍就把她单独列出来。
“这篇文章的原意是作为‘解释者’专栏文章,解释‘为何科学能够给这类有关出色成绩的辩论一个答案’,而不是细致分析运动员们的具体表现数据。之前,其他人的一些分析使我们相信,将叶诗文的成绩描述为‘反常’是公平的——因为她的表现数据的确不同寻常。
部分西方媒体有一种阴暗的心态表现,长期以来对中国刻板和固有的印象表露无遗。如何纠正这种谬误和偏见,“在贵刊道歉之前,所有参与签名抗议的学生、学者将不再为《自然》投稿、审稿;不再订阅《自然》及其子刊;不在《自然》上刊登任何广告。”
英美媒体出现这种言论,主要是优等民族思想在做祟,大不列颠和大美利坚居高临下仍然用旧的目光和思维审视有色民族和亚洲国家,这次是针对中国游泳,对其取得进展持怀疑态度,进行打假揭露,这也显示了英美媒体“自由”的西方媒体职业道德的特点,“我可以比你强,你绝不能超越我”。
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