劳动价值论的最新发展

以下是引用阿名在2005-5-15 17:08:18的发言： 必要劳动论，是西方经济学家早已批判过的。参见：https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-15850-1-1.html

不理解必要劳动价值论中的“必要”，谈何批判？不仅只有“必要劳动”才有资格形成产品中的价值，连你本人的就业与生存，都取决于你是否能够提供“必要劳动”。

假如您不肯接受西方经济学家的批判，请您打开《资本论》第三卷第717页，看一看马克思是如何说的：“为了满足社会需要，只有这样多的劳动时间才是必要的。”

因此，您在前面分析的那些测算方法都是多余的，毫无意义。无论您的测算结果如何，“为了满足社会需要，只有这样多的劳动时间才是必要的。”而要满足社会需要，就必须卖得出去。无论哪一种商品，每一元价格都标志着等量的“社会必要劳动时间”。实际卖出的价格就标志着商品生产所耗费的“社会必要劳动时间”。

因此，归根到底，不是马克思的价值理论描述了商品价值，而是西方经济学以消费者需求为逻辑起点的理论描述了商品价值。

看了这里的讨论，只能是觉得too simple ,sometime too naive!或许你是读过马克思的一些原著，但是能肯定你的理解就对了吗？不去追踪最新的文献，满足于自己思想上的呓想，将自己早年学的早已过时的“教科书经济学”拿来讨论，不觉得没有什么严肃的意义吗？——除了增加发贴量，增加一点积分！

建议大家，如果真的对这个问题感兴趣，把我上传的那篇文章认真读完再来，可能那样我们大家都能真正有所收获，才能真正体现论坛的精神，谢谢

你上传的文章在哪里啊？没看见。

对了版主，我最近发稿好象积分没动啊，来这里还请多多关照呢！

空中的羽毛 您好

您上传了一个链接，里面的pdf文件无法复制。能不能把文本文件贴上来？

我上传的文章在第五楼

作者：Duncan K. Foley Curriculum Vitae January 30, 2003 1 PERSONAL INFORMATION Name: Duncan K. Foley E-mail: foleyd@newschool.edu/dkf@ultinet.net Homepage: http://homepage.newschool.edu/˜foleyd Office Address Department of Economics Graduate Faculty, New School University EDUCATION Central High School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, B.A. 1960 Swarthmore College, B.A., Mathematics with High Honors 1964 Yale University, Ph.D., Economics 1966 EMPLOYMENT Leo Model Professor of Economics, Graduate Faculty, New School University, 1999- Professor of Economics, Barnard College, Columbia University, 1977-1998 Columbia University Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1977-1998 Associate Professor of Economics, Stanford, 1973-1979 Associate Professor of Economics, M.I.T. 1969-73 Assistant Professor of Economics, M.I.T. 1966-69 Visiting Professor, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Fall, 1988 Visiting Professor, University of California, Berkeley, Spring 1989 Visiting Professor, Dartmouth College, Winter 1992 Visiting Professor, New School for Social Research, Spring 1995} Duncan K. Foley Curriculum Vitae January 30, 2003 2 PROFESSIONAL HONORS Schumpeter Lectures, University of Graz, 2001 Salimbeni Visiting Professor Economics, University of Siena, 1993 Benjamin Meaker Visiting Professor, University of Bristol, 1989 International Who’s Who of Economics National Science Foundation Grant Fellowship, 1964-66 Ford Foundation Faculty Research Professor, 1969-70 Phi Beta Kappa National Merit Scholar PROFESSIONAL SERVICE Associate Editor, Journal of Economic Theory, 1976–1981 Editorial Board, Journal of Economic Literature, 1985–1991 Associate Editor, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1989– Co-Editor, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1999–2001 Editorial Board, Metroeconomica, 1991– Nominating Committee, American Economics Association, 1990 Editorial Board, Princeton University Press Series on Complexity 1993– Visiting Committee, University of California, Riverside, 2002 Duncan K. Foley Publications–Books January 30, 2003 3 Publications Books Duncan K. Foley and Miguel Sidrauski. Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a Growing Economy. Macmillan, New York, 1971. Japanese Translation, 1974. Duncan K. Foley. Understanding Capital: Marx’s Economic Theory. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986a. Japanese Translation, 1988; Italian Translation 1994. Duncan K. Foley. Money, Accumulation and Crisis. Harwood Academic, London and New York, 1986b. Japanese Translation, 1988; Italian Translation 1994. Duncan K. Foley (ed.) and Peter S. Albin. Barriers and Bounds to Rationality: Essays on Economic Complexity and Dynamics in Interactive Systems. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1998. Duncan K. Foley and Thomas R. Michl. Growth and Distribution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999. Japanese Translation, 2002. Duncan K. Foley. Unholy Trinity: Labor, Capital, and Land in the New Economy. Routledge, London, 2003. Duncan K. Foley Publications–Refereed Journal Articles January 30, 20034 Refereed Journal Articles Duncan K. Foley, Miguel Sidrauski, and Karl Shell. Optimal fiscal and monetary policy and economic growth. Journal of Political Economy, 77(4):698–719, 1969. Duncan K. Foley. Lindahl’s solution and the core of an economy with public goods. Econometrica, 38(1):66–72, 1974. Duncan K. Foley and Miguel Sidrauski. Portfolio choice, investment and growth. American Economic Review, 60(1):44–63, 1970. Duncan K. Foley. Economic equilibrium with costly marketing. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3):276–291, 1970. Duncan K. Foley and Martin Hellwig. A note on the budget constraint in a model of borrowing. Journal of Economic Theory, 11(2):305–314, 1974. Duncan K. Foley and Robert Engle. An asset price model of aggregate investment. International Economic Review, 16(3):625–647, 1975. Duncan K. Foley and Martin Hellwig. Asset management under trading uncertainty. Review of Economic Studies, 42(3):327–346, 1975. Duncan K. Foley. On two specifications of asset equilibrium in macroeconomic models. Journal of Political Economy, 83(2):303–324, 1975. Duncan K. Foley. Correction. Journal of Political Economy, 85(2):401–402, 1977. Duncan K. Foley. State expenditure from a marxist perspective. Journal of Public Economics, 9:221–238, 1978. Duncan K. Foley. Realization and accumulation in a marxian model of the circuit of capital. Journal of Economic Theory, 28(2):300–319, 1982a. Duncan K. Foley. The value of money, the value of labor power and the marxian transformation problem. Review of Radical Political Economy, 14(2):37–47, 1982b. Duncan K. Foley. On marx’s theory of money. Social Concept, 1(1):5–19, 1983. Duncan K. Foley. On prices of production in a general model of production. Contributions to Political Economy, 4:25–36, 1985a. Duncan K. Foley. Say’s law in marx and keynes. Cahiers d’Economie Politique, 10/11:183–194, 1985b. Duncan K. Foley. Liquidity-profit rate cycles in a capitalist economy. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 8:363–376, 1986. Duncan K. Foley Publications–Refereed Journal Articles January 30, 20035 Duncan K. Foley. Recent developments in economic theory. social research. Social Research, 57(3):665–688, Fall 1990. Duncan K. Foley and Peter S. Albin. Decentralized, dispersed exchange without an auctioneer: a simulation study. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 18(1):27–52, June 1992. Duncan K. Foley. A contribution to the theory of business cycles. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(3):1071–1088, August 1992. Duncan K. Foley. Corrigendum. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(4):1171, 1995. Duncan K. Foley. A statistical equilibrium theory of markets. Journal of Economic Theory, 62(2):321–345, 1994. Duncan K. Foley. Statistical equilibrium in a simple labor market. Metroeconomica, 47(2):125–147, June 1996. Duncan K. Foley and Adalmir Marquetti. Productivity, employment and growth in European integration. Metroeconomica, 50(3):277–300, 1999. Duncan K. Foley. Recent developments in the labor theory of value. Review of Radical Political Economy, 32(1):1–39, 2000a. Duncan K. Foley. Stabilization of human population through economic increasing returns. Economic Letters, 68(3):309–317, 2000b. Duncan K. Foley and Peter S. Albin. The co-evolution of cooperation and complexity in a multi-player, local-interaction prisoners’ dilemma. Complexity, 6 (3):54–63, 2001. Duncan K. Foley. Endogenous technical change with externalities in a Classical growth model. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, forthcoming, 2003. Duncan K. Foley and Thomas R. Michl. The Pasinetti paradox and social security in a Classical growth model. Cambridge Journal of Economics, forthcoming, 2003. Duncan K. Foley Publications–Invited Articles January 30, 2003 6 Invited Articles Duncan K. Foley. Resource allocation and the public sector. Yale Economic Essays, 7(1):43–98, 1967. Duncan K. Foley. Problems vs conflicts: economic theory and ideology. aer, 45 (2):231–236, 1975. Duncan K. Foley. Money and effective demand in Marx’s scheme of expanded reproduction. In Padma Desai, editor, Marxism, Central Planning and the Soviet Economy, Essays in Honor of Alexander Erlich, pages 19–32. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983a. Duncan K. Foley. Contributions. In Tom Bottomore, editor, A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Blackwell, Oxford, 1983b. Duncan K. Foley. Stabilization policy in a nonlinear business cycle model. In Willi Semmler, editor, Competition, Instability, and Nonlinear Cycles. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986. Duncan K. Foley. Money and economic activity. In John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, editors, The New Palgrave. Macmillan, London, 1988. Duncan K. Foley. Endogenous financial-production cycles in a macroeconomic model. In William A. Barnett, John Geweke, and Karl Shell, editors, Economic Complexity: Chaos, Sunspots, Bubbles, and Nonlinearity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989. Duncan K. Foley. Perfect foresight cycles in a Marxian-Keynesian model of accumulation with money. In Edward J. Nell and Willi Semmler, editors, Nicholas Kaldor and Mainstream Economics: Confrontation or Convergence?, pages 306–320. Macmillan, New York, 1990. Duncan K. Foley. Teaching economics in developing and other countries: Microeconomics. Journal of Development Planning, 24:89–106, 1994. Duncan K. Foley. Comment on Brewer. History of Political Economy, 27(1): 159–165, 1995. Duncan K. Foley. Economic theory and observation from the statistical point of view. In Is Economics Becoming a Hard Science? Edward Elgar, Brookfield, VT, 1996. Duncan K. Foley and Adalmir Marquetti. Economic growth from a classical perspective. In Joanilio Texeira, editor, Proceedings: International Colloquium on Money, Growth, Distribution and Structural Change: Contemporaneous Analysis. University of Brasilia Department of Economics, Brasilia, 1997. Duncan K. Foley Publications–Invited Articles January 30, 2003 7 Duncan K. Foley. Asset speculation in Marx’s theory of money. In Riccardo Bellofiore, editor, Marxian Economics: A Reappraisal. Essays on volume III of Capital: Method, Value and Money. Macmillan, London, 1997. Duncan K. Foley. An interview with Wassily Leontief. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 2:116–140, 1998. Duncan K. Foley. The ins and outs of late twentieth-century economics. In Arnold Heertje, editor, Makers of Modern Economics, IV, pages 70–118. Edward Elgar, Brookfield,VT, 1999a. Duncan K. Foley. Response to David Laibman. Research in Political Economy, 17, 1999b. Duncan K. Foley. Hyman Minsky and the dilemmas of contemporary economic method. In Riccardo Bellofiore and Piero Ferri, editors, Financial Fragility and Investment in the Capitalist Economy:The Economic Legacy of Hyman Minsky, volume I. Edward Elgar, 2001a. Duncan K. Foley. Complexity and economic education. In David Colander, editor, Complexity and the Teaching of Economics. Edward Elgar, 2001b. Duncan K. Foley. Notes on Burgstaller’s Property and Prices. Metroeconomica, 2001c. Duncan K. Foley. Statistical equilibrium in economics: Method, interpretations, and an example. In Fabio Petri, editor, General Equiibrium: Problems, Prospects and Alternatives. 2002. Duncan K. Foley. Financial fragility in developing economies. In Amitava Dutt, editor, Festschrift for Lance Taylor. Edward Elgar, 2003. Duncan K. Foley Publications–Reviews January 30, 2003 8 Reviews and Review Articles Duncan K. Foley. Roemer on Marx on exploitation. Economics and Politics, 1 (2):187–199, 1989. Duncan K. Foley. Review of Reconstructing Marxism by Erik Olin Wright, Andrew Levine and Elliot Sober. Economics and Philosophy, 9:297–333, 1993. Duncan K. Foley. Review of The Economics of the Profit Rate by G´erard Dum´enil and Dominique L´evy. Economic Journal, 104:1204–1206, 1994. Duncan K. Foley. Review of Theory of Production: A Long-Period Analysis by H. Kurz and N. Salvadori. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 32:321–324, 1997a. Duncan K. Foley. Review of Rationality, Institutions and Economic Methodology edited by M. Uskali, B. Gustaffson, and C. Knudsen. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 153:579–581, 1997b. Duncan K. Foley. Review of Marx and Non-equilibrium Economics edited by A. Freeman and G. Carchedi. Eastern Economic Journal, 23(4):493–496, 1997c. Duncan K. Foley. Review of Capitalist Macrodynamics: A Systematic Introduction by D. Laibman. Science and Society, 1998. Duncan K. Foley and Peter S. Albin. Review of Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up by J. M. Epstein and R. Axtell. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 40(1):121–124, September 1999. Duncan K. Foley and Peter S. Albin. Review of H. Peyton Young, Individual Strategy and Social Structure: An Evolutionary Theory of Institutions. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 45(3):329–331, 2001. Duncan K. Foley. Value, distribution and capital: A review essay. Review of Political Economy, 13(3):365–381, 2001. Duncan K. Foley. Sraffa’s Legacy: A Review Essay. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2003. Duncan K. Foley Publications–Working Papers January 30, 2003 9 Working Papers Duncan K. Foley and William Lazonick. Corporate takeovers and the growth of productivity. Barnard College Economics Department Working Papers, 91 (1), 1991. Duncan K. Foley. Asset pricing with nonstationary technical change. Barnard College Working Papers, 96(02), 1996. Duncan K. Foley and Piruz Alemi. The circuit of capital: U.S. manufacturing and non- financial corporate business sectors, 1947–1993. Barnard College Economics Department Working Papers, 97, 1997. Eric Smith and Duncan K. Foley. Classical thermodynamics and economic general equilibrium theory. New School University, Center for Economic Policy Analysis Working Papers, 2002.

这是个极牛的人，EE出版社（一个英国以出版经济学的经典论文集出名的出版社）关于数理经济学的论文集中，有好几篇他的论文。

没搞错吧，这是对美国学校的介绍。

以下是引用空中的羽毛在2005-5-16 17:52:37的发言： 看了这里的讨论，只能是觉得too simple ,sometime too naive!或许你是读过马克思的一些原著，但是能肯定你的理解就对了吗？不去追踪最新的文献，满足于自己思想上的呓想，将自己早年学的早已过时的“教科书经济学”拿来讨论，不觉得没有什么严肃的意义吗？——除了增加发贴量，增加一点积分！

建议大家，如果真的对这个问题感兴趣，把我上传的那篇文章认真读完再来，可能那样我们大家都能真正有所收获，才能真正体现论坛的精神，谢谢

不知版主有没有看到，在哪一篇文献中，已经提到马克思的价值理论剥夺无产者按使用价值出售劳动力的权利，剥夺无产者按技能与技巧索取劳动报酬的权利？

如果连如此重大的错误都没看到，却一味发展马克思的理论，岂不是把宫殿建筑在沙滩上？

劳动跟价值没有任何关系。

以下是引用阿名在2005-5-16 11:21:52的发言：

假如您不肯接受西方经济学家的批判，请您打开《资本论》第三卷第717页，看一看马克思是如何说的：“为了满足社会需要，只有这样多的劳动时间才是必要的。”

因此，您在前面分析的那些测算方法都是多余的，毫无意义。无论您的测算结果如何，“为了满足社会需要，只有这样多的劳动时间才是必要的。”而要满足社会需要，就必须卖得出去。无论哪一种商品，每一元价格都标志着等量的“社会必要劳动时间”。实际卖出的价格就标志着商品生产所耗费的“社会必要劳动时间”。

因此，归根到底，不是马克思的价值理论描述了商品价值，而是西方经济学以消费者需求为逻辑起点的理论描述了商品价值。

1、“必要”的意义就是能够在市场上实现出来的劳动耗费。

2、没有任何固定的先决的“社会需要”，它与“社会必要劳动时间”的大小正好互相依赖。当这个必要时间缩小时，社会需要将会扩大，反之则反。

3、马克思的东西与西方经济学并无实质性差别，问题在于一般人看不出，因而在潜意识里认为它们是两种截然不同的东西。

因此不是我的东西多余，而是你还不了解和深刻理解。头脑中还有一些套套逻辑在作怪。