发帖
雷达卡
英文文献：The Challenge of Reducing International Trade and Migration Barriers-减少国际贸易和移徙壁垒的挑战
英文文献作者：Kym Anderson,L. Alan Winters
英文文献摘要：
While barriers to trade in most goods and some services including capital flows have been reduced considerably over the past two decades, many remain. Such policies harm most the economies imposing them, but the worst of the merchandise barriers (in agriculture and textiles) are particularly harmful to the world?‘s poorest people, as are barriers to worker migration across borders. This paper focuses on how costly those anti-poor trade policies are, and examines possible strategies to reduce remaining distortions. Two opportunities in particular are addressed: completing the Doha Development Agenda process at the World Trade Organization (WTO), and freeing up the international movement of workers. A review of the economic benefits and adjustment costs associated with these opportunities provides the foundation to undertake benefit/cost analysis required to rank this set of opportunities against those aimed at addressing the world's other key challenges as part of the Copenhagen Consensus project. The paper concludes with key caveats and suggests that taking up these opportunities could generate huge social benefit/cost ratios that are considerably higher than the direct economic ones quantified in this study, even without factoring in their contribution to alleviating several of the other challenges identified by that project, including malnutrition, disease, poor education and air pollution.
过去二十年来，包括资本流动在内的大多数商品和一些服务的贸易壁垒已大大减少，但仍有许多壁垒存在。这些政策对实施这些政策的经济体造成的伤害最大，但(在农业和纺织品领域)最严重的商品壁垒，对世界上最贫穷的人造成的伤害尤其严重，对工人跨境流动的障碍也是如此。本文关注的是这些反贫困贸易政策的代价有多高，并研究了减少剩余扭曲的可能策略。特别提到了两个机会:在世界贸易组织(WTO)完成多哈发展议程进程，以及解放工人的国际流动。对与这些机会有关的经济利益和调整成本的审查为进行必要的利益/成本分析提供了基础，以便将这一系列机会同作为哥本哈根协商一致项目一部分的旨在解决世界其他关键挑战的机会进行排名。本文的结论与关键警告,表明了这些机会能产生巨大的社会效益/成本比例大大高于直接经济的量化在这项研究中,即使没有考虑减轻他们的贡献几个项目的确定的其他挑战,包括营养不良、疾病、教育程度低和空气污染。
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
京公网安备 11010802022788号
