Land conservation in Kenya: The role of property rights-肯尼亚的土地保护:产权的作用

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英文文献：Land conservation in Kenya: The role of property rights-肯尼亚的土地保护:产权的作用
英文文献作者：Jane Kabubo-Mariara.
英文文献摘要：
Land conservation technologies are known to play an important role in improving farm incomes. For this reason substantial investments have been made in research to improve agricultural technologies in various parts of the world, from the development of new crop varieties to new practices of land management. The present study responds to the paucity of literature on determinants of land conservation practices in Kenya. The study builds on the few existing studies in this area and explores the impact of land rights and assets among other factors on adoption of soil conservation practices. The study further tests for Boserup’s hypothesis and the evolutionary theory of land rights using both descriptive and econometric procedures. Primary data from households in a semi-arid district in Kenya are used to achieve the study objectives. Random effects probits are used to derive the parametric estimates of our models. The findings are that property right regimes and assets affect both the decision to conserve land and the type of conservation practices used by farmers. The results further suggest a positive correlation between land tenure security and population density, thus supporting Boserup’s hypothesis as well as the evolutionary land rights theory. We also find that the poor are less likely to adopt land conservation practices than the non-poor. Education, available biomass, market development and location of the farm are also found to be important determinants of adoption. These findings call for pursuit of both short-term and long-term policy measures that offer incentives for land conservation through government initiatives and involvement of local communities. The recommended policy measures include enhanced security of tenure, targeted programmes for poverty alleviation, improved access to education, and development of social and physical infrastructure.

众所周知，土地保护技术在提高农民收入方面发挥着重要作用。为此，在研究改进世界各地的农业技术方面已经进行了大量投资，从开发新的作物品种到土地管理的新做法。本研究针对肯尼亚土地保护实践决定因素的文献匮乏的问题。本研究以该领域现有的少数研究为基础，探讨了土地权利和资产以及其他因素对采用土壤保护措施的影响。本研究利用描述性和计量经济学的方法进一步检验了博塞拉普的假设和土地权利的进化理论。使用来自肯尼亚半干旱地区家庭的原始数据来实现研究目标。随机效应检验用于推导模型的参数估计。研究发现，产权制度和资产既影响保护土地的决定，也影响农民使用的保护措施的类型。这一结果进一步表明，土地保有保障与人口密度之间存在正相关关系，从而支持了Boserup的假设以及土地权利进化理论。我们还发现，穷人比非穷人更不可能采取土地保护措施。教育、可获得的生物量、市场发展和农场的位置也被认为是采用的重要决定因素。这些发现呼吁采取短期和长期的政策措施，通过政府的主动行动和当地社区的参与，为土地保护提供激励。建议的政策措施包括加强保有权的保障、有针对性的减轻贫穷方案、改善接受教育的机会以及发展社会和物质基础设施。

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