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英文文献：Public Spending and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: A Benefit Incidence Analysis in Education and Health-尼日利亚的公共支出和减贫:教育和卫生方面的受益发生率分析
英文文献作者：Uzochukwu Amakom
英文文献摘要：
One of the functions that people usually expect a government to perform is to reduce inequality and poverty, and public spending is one way a policy maker works towards achieving such important task. Education and healthcare provision have been suggested as key sectors that help every policy maker achieve the above objective. The study evaluated public spending efforts in reducing inequality and poverty at all levels of these two sectors using the Benefit Incidence Analysis (BIA) in Nigeria. Findings from the study suggest that primary education and healthcare were more pro-poor in absolute terms than tertiary education and healthcare. Secondary education and healthcare reveal mixed results, while the findings suggests state, regional (geopolitical), location and gender biases in benefits from public spending for both education and healthcare. The study findings have an implication that income redistribution may be effected through subsidized government services, rather than through direct income or consumption transfers.
人们通常期望政府履行的职能之一是减少不平等和贫困，而公共支出是政策制定者努力实现这一重要任务的一种方式。教育和医疗保健的提供被认为是帮助每个决策者实现上述目标的关键部门。该研究利用尼日利亚的福利发生率分析(BIA)评估了在这两个部门各级减少不平等和贫困的公共支出努力。研究结果表明，小学教育和保健在绝对意义上比高等教育和保健更有利于穷人。中等教育和医疗保健的结果喜忧参半，而调查结果表明，教育和医疗保健的公共支出在受益方面存在州、地区(地缘政治)、地理位置和性别偏见。研究结果暗示，收入再分配可能通过政府补贴服务来实现，而不是通过直接的收入或消费转移。
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