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英文文献：Cost Effective Walling Materials For Piecemeal Construction In Developing Economies-在发展中国家，用于零星建筑的成本效益高的墙体材料
英文文献作者：E.K. Gavu,J. FRIMPONG-ASANTE,J.F. SONNE
英文文献摘要：
Provision of adequate housing for mankind has been an age old problem for many governments. Many households cannot afford the huge capital commitment to build a house and therefore are left with no alternative than to adopt the piecemeal/ incremental construction. A challenge of piecemeal construction is that, structures are often exposed to varying weather conditions especially in instances where no roofing material has been put in place. It is thus expected that, much importance is placed on walling materials that can stand the test of time. This research assesses and identifies the most suitable walling materials for housing in piecemeal construction. The study analyses the suitability of four walling materials namely sandcrete blocks, bricks, hydraform and landcrete for incremental housing in Ghana.Primary data was gathered using questionnaires and interviews whiles existing literature on the topic provided the needed secondary data for the study. The sample includes 50 workers each from the informal and formal sectors and individual developers and companies. The research also examined 3 unroofed structures constructed with different walling materials that have been exposed to the same climatic conditions for between 14 to 16 years in Kumasi, Ghana. The results show that; (a) Most Ghanaians finance their housing projects themselves partly due to the difficulty in accessing alternative sources of finance. (b) Sandcrete blocks although comparatively expensive are the most widely used material for piecemeal construction in Ghana.(c) Most respondents had no knowledge of Hydraform as an alternate construction material to sandcrete blocks.Construction in piecemeal has come to stay and it is important for developers to ensure that walling materials for construction can withstand weather conditions and ensure value for money.
对许多政府来说，为人类提供适当的住房是一个古老的问题。许多家庭无法承担建造一所房子的巨额资金承诺，因此别无选择，只能采用渐进式建筑。分段施工的一个挑战是，结构经常暴露在不同的天气条件下，特别是在没有安装屋顶材料的情况下。因此，可以预期的是，墙体材料的重要性是经得起时间的考验。本研究评估和确定最适合住房的墙板材料在零头建设。该研究分析了四种墙体材料的适用性，即砂砾岩块、砖、水龙和地面砾岩，用于加纳的增量住房。主要数据是通过问卷调查和访谈的方式收集的，同时现有的文献为研究提供了所需的辅助数据。样本包括50名来自非正式和正式部门的工人，以及个体开发商和公司。该研究还考察了3个用不同墙体材料建造的无屋顶结构，它们在加纳库马西暴露在相同气候条件下14到16年。结果表明;(a)大多数加纳人自己资助住房项目，部分原因是难以取得其他资金来源。(b)喷砂砌块虽然比较昂贵，但在加纳是最广泛使用的零散建筑材料。(c)大多数答复者不知道联水龙可作为喷砂砌块的替代建筑材料。零星施工已成为一种趋势，对开发商来说，确保建筑用的墙体材料能够经受住天气条件的考验，并确保物有所值，这一点很重要。
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