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英文文献：Software piracy, inequality and the poor: evidence from Africa-软件盗版、不平等和穷人:来自非洲的证据
英文文献作者：Asongu Simplice
英文文献摘要：
Purpose – Poverty and inequality undoubtedly remain substantial challenges to economic and human developments amid growing emphasis on IPRs (with recent advances in ICTs) and good governance. In the first empirical study on the incidence of piracy on inequality in Africa, we examine how a plethora of factors (IPRs laws, education & ICTs and government quality) are instrumental in the piracy-inequality nexus. Design/methodology/approach – Two-Stage-Least Squares estimation approaches are applied in which piracy is instrumented with IPRs regimes (treaties), education & ICTs and government quality dynamics. Findings – The main finding suggests that, software piracy is good for the poor as it has a positive income-redistributive effect; consistent with economic and cultural considerations from recent literature. ICTs & education (dissemination of knowledge) are instrumental in this positive redistributive effect, while good governance mitigates inequality beyond the piracy channel. Practical implications – As a policy implication, in the adoption IPRs, sampled countries should take account of the role less stringent IPRs regimes play on income-redistribution through software piracy. Collateral benefits include among others, the cheap dissemination of knowledge through ICTs which African countries badly need in their quest to become ‘knowledge economies’. A caveat however is that, too much piracy may decrease incentives to innovate. Hence, the need to adopt tighter IPRs regimes in tandem with increasing income-equality. Originality/value – It is the first empirical assessment of the incidence of piracy on inequality in Africa: a continent with stubbornly high poverty and inequality rates.
目标——在日益重视知识产权(随着信息通信技术的最新进展)和良好治理的背景下，贫穷和不平等无疑仍是经济和人类发展的重大挑战。在第一个关于盗版对非洲不平等的影响的实证研究中，我们考察了过多的因素(知识产权法律、教育和信息通信技术以及政府质量)是如何在盗版与不平等的关系中起作用的。设计/方法/方法——采用两阶段最小二乘估计方法，将盗版与知识产权制度(条约)、教育和信息通信技术以及政府质量动力学结合起来。调查结果——主要调查结果表明，软件盗版对穷人有利，因为它具有积极的收入再分配效应;与近期文献中的经济和文化考虑相一致。信息通信技术和教育(知识传播)有助于这种积极的再分配效应，而良好的治理可以减轻盗版渠道之外的不平等。实际影响-作为一项政策影响，抽样国家在采用知识产权时，应考虑到较不严格的知识产权制度对软件盗版行为造成的收入再分配所起的作用。附带的好处包括，通过信通技术廉价地传播知识，非洲国家在寻求成为“知识经济”的过程中迫切需要这些知识。但需要注意的是，盗版过多可能会降低创新的动力。因此，必须在增加收入平等的同时采取更严格的知识产权制度。原创性/价值——这是对海盗在非洲不平等的发生率的第一次实证评估:这是一个贫穷和不平等率居高不下的大陆。
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