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英文文献：Unjust Enrichment from Official Corruption in Africa: Theory and Model on how Lenders have benefited-非洲官员腐败的不公正致富:关于贷款人如何获益的理论和模式
英文文献作者：Simplice Asongu,Jacinta C. Nwachukwu
英文文献摘要：
A 2015 World Bank report on the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) revealed that since the 1990s, extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa where about 50 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa did not achieve the MDG extreme poverty target despite the sub-region enjoying more than two decades of GDP growth resurgence. The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First to understand the interconnections between the large pool of capital transferred to the OECD countries and the corrupt deposits of stolen public funds. Second, to illustrate how such diversion of funds overseas are related to the spread of poverty in the African economies. We enunciate a ‘poverty multiplier theory’ and propose a model for its application within an African context. The ‘poverty multiplier theory’ postulates that: (i) one unit of currency deposited abroad represents a loss in financial development at home (ii) a fraction of the unit currency placed in foreign bank accounts is redirected to the domestic economy in the form of external debt. This external debt is further siphoned overseas through interest and loan principal repayment. Policy implications of these processes are discussed.
2015年世界银行的一份报告对实现年发展目标(MDGs)显示,自1990年代以来,极端贫困一直在减少世界所有地区除了非洲撒哈拉以南非洲大约50%的国家没有实现MDG极端贫困的目标,尽管次区域享受二十多年GDP增长的复苏。本章的目的有两方面。首先要了解转移到经合组织(OECD)国家的大量资金与被盗公共资金的腐败存款之间的相互关系。第二，说明这种资金转移到海外与非洲经济中贫穷的蔓延有何关系。我们阐述了一种“贫困乘数理论”，并提出了在非洲背景下应用该理论的模型。“贫困乘数理论”假定:(i)存入国外的一单位货币代表了国内金融发展的损失(ii)存入外国银行账户的单位货币中有一小部分以外债的形式转投国内经济。这些外债通过偿还利息和贷款本金进一步被吸到海外。讨论了这些过程的政策含义。
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