Is Aid for Agriculture Effective in Sub-Saharan Africa?-对撒哈拉以南非洲地区的农业援助有效吗?

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英文文献：Is Aid for Agriculture Effective in Sub-Saharan Africa?-对撒哈拉以南非洲地区的农业援助有效吗?
英文文献作者：John Ssozi,Simplice Asongu,Voxi Amavilah
英文文献摘要：
One of the key economic development challenges facing Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is its low agricultural productivity. Governments, donors, and foreign investors have underinvested in African agriculture even though research evidence shows that higher agricultural productivity would boost economic growth and poverty reduction. Solutions to the problem require a number of interconnected strategies, including, but not limited to, research on seeds and inputs, extension services, rural development, credit, institutional, and trade and price stabilization policies. We use the system two-step Generalized Method of Moments to examine whether official development assistance (ODA) for agriculture and rural development is helping to boost agricultural productivity. We find a positive relationship between ODA and agricultural productivity. However, when broken down into the main agricultural ODA recipient sectors, there is a substitution effect between food crop production and industrial crop production. While there exists a positive relationship between ODA for industrial and export crops output per worker (agricultural productivity), ODA for food crops has a negative relationship. Better public institutions and economic freedom are also found to enable agricultural productivity growth and to increase the ODA effectiveness. We correct the results for spurious correlation assuming that more ODA might be allocated where agricultural productivity is already increasing due to some other factors. Concerning the determinants of ODA allocation, we find that the allocation of ODA for agriculture is primarily determined by agricultural need, and that the expected effectiveness increases the ODA receipts. Finally, there is a weak ODA-led structural economic change effect in SSA. Labor released from agriculture to the urban sector(s) has a positive market effect on agriculture but is not engendering significant structural economic transformation.

撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)面临的主要经济发展挑战之一是其农业生产率低下。尽管研究证据表明，提高农业生产率将促进经济增长和减贫，但各国政府、捐助者和外国投资者对非洲农业的投资仍然不足。解决这个问题需要一系列相互关联的战略，包括但不限于研究种子和投入、推广服务、农村发展、信贷、机构以及贸易和稳定价格政策。我们使用矩的两步广义方法系统来检查官方发展援助(ODA)对农业和农村发展是否有助于提高农业生产率。我们发现官方发展援助与农业生产力之间存在正相关关系。但是，如果把接受官方发展援助的主要农业部门细分，粮食作物生产和工业作物生产之间就会产生替代效应。虽然每个工人的工业作物和出口作物产量(农业生产力)之间的官方发展援助存在正相关关系，但粮食作物的官方发展援助则存在负相关关系。更好的公共机构和经济自由也有助于农业生产力的增长和提高官方发展援助的效力。我们修正了虚假相关的结果，假设更多的官方发展援助可能被分配到由于一些其他因素而农业生产率已经提高的地方。关于官方发展援助分配的决定因素，我们发现对农业的官方发展援助分配主要是由农业需求决定的，预期的效率增加了官方发展援助的收入。最后，在SSA中存在较弱的由oda主导的结构性经济变化效应。从农业向城市部门释放的劳动力对农业有积极的市场效应，但并没有产生重大的经济结构转变。

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