英文文献:The persistence of global terrorism-全球恐怖主义的持续存在
英文文献作者:Simplice A. Asongu
英文文献摘要:
This study investigates persistence of global terrorism in a panel of 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, persistence in terrorism is a decreasing function of income levels because it consistently increases from high income (through upper middle income) to lower middle income countries. Second, compared to Christian-oriented countries, terrorism is more persistent in Islam-oriented nations. Third, landlocked countries also reflect a higher level of persistence relative to their coastal counterparts. Fourth, Latin American countries show higher degrees of persistence when compared with Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. Fifth, the main determinants of the underlying persistence are political instability and weapons import. The results are discussed to provide answers to four main questions which directly pertain to the reported findings. These questions centre on why comparative persistence in terrorism is based on income levels, religious orientation, landlockedness and regions.
本研究调查了全球恐怖主义在2010年至2015年期间在163个国家的持续存在。经验证据是基于广义矩量法。下面的发现是确定的。首先,恐怖主义的持续存在是收入水平递减的函数,因为它从高收入国家(通过中上收入)持续增长到中下收入国家。其次,与以基督教为主导的国家相比,恐怖主义在以伊斯兰教为主导的国家更为持久。第三,与沿海国家相比,内陆国家的持续性也更高。第四,与中东和北非(MENA)国家相比,拉丁美洲国家表现出更高程度的持续性。第五,持续存在的主要决定因素是政治不稳定和武器进口。对结果进行讨论是为了回答与报告结果直接相关的四个主要问题。这些问题的核心是,为什么恐怖主义的相对持续性取决于收入水平、宗教倾向、地域锁定和地区。