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英文文献：Youth empowerment in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) of sub-Saharan Africa: The role of corporate social responsibility in Niger Delta, Nigeria-撒哈拉以南非洲非木材森林产品的青年赋权:企业社会责任在尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲的作用
英文文献作者：Joseph I. Uduji,Elda N. Okolo-Obasi
英文文献摘要：
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of General Memorandum of Understanding (GMoUs) on rural young people involved in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for sustainable livelihood in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Designed/methodology/approach – Data for this study were collected from primary sources, using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) technique of semi-structured interview (SSI) questionnaire. The use of a participatory research technique in collecting CSR impact data especially as it concerns the rural young people is because it involves the people being studied, and their views on all the issues are paramount. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Inferential statistical tool-estimation of logit model was used to test the two research hypotheses. Findings – The results indicate that general memorandum of understandings (GMoUs) have not given adequate attention to the young people as a special target sub-group who live in rural areas and depend mostly on NTFPs. Results also show that a number of factors hindering rural young people from the use and development of NTFPs include a policy vacuum, non-destructive harvesting, and destruction of natural habitats, bushfires, population growths and high demands. Research limitations/implications – The semi structure interview questionnaire was directly administered by the researchers with the help of research assistants. The use of local research assistants was because of the inability of the researchers to speak the different local languages and dialects of the many ethnic groups of Ijaws, Ogonis, Ikweres, Etches, Ekpeyes, Ogbas, Engennes, Obolos, Isokos, Nembes, Okirikas, Kalabaris, Urhobos, Iteskiris, Igbos, Ika-Igbos, Ndonis, Orons, Ibenos, Yorubas, Ibibios, Anangs, Efiks, Bekwarras, Binis, Eshans, Etsakos, Owans, Itigidis, Epies, Akokoedos, Yakkurs, etc, in the sampled rural communities. Practical implications –An appropriate GMoU-intervention framework for a sustainable promotion of NTFPs, domestication of NFTPs, improving harvesting and processing techniques are necessary to facilitate good security, reduction of poverty and improved livelihoods, particularly for the economically-marginalized and forest-dependent rural young people is imperative. Social implications – Sustainable livelihoods of the forest-dependent rural young people in sub-Saharan Africa would require some focused CSR interventions on the NTFPs for sustainable livelihood. Facilities pertaining to storage, grading, processing and value addition through convergence of existing schemes and programmes should be promoted and created. MOCs are in a position to empower the rural young people with information about the market, policy and products to enable the rural people strategize and access returns from NTFPs in sub-Saharan Africa. Originality/value – This research adds to the literature on multinational enterprises (MNEs) CSR initiatives in developing countries and rationale for demands for social projects by host communities. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of sustainable livelihood.
目的——本文的目的是批判性地考察跨国石油公司(MOCs)在尼日利亚的企业社会责任(CSR)举措。它的特别重点是调查《谅解备忘录》对在尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲从事可持续生计的非木材森林产品的农村青年的影响。设计/方法/方法——本研究的数据来自第一手来源，采用参与式农村评价(PRA)技术和半结构化访谈(SSI)问卷。使用参与式研究技术来收集CSR影响数据，特别是当它涉及到农村年轻人时，是因为它涉及到被研究的人，而他们对所有问题的看法是最重要的。采用描述性统计和推论统计学对数据进行分析。使用推论统计工具- logit模型的估计来检验这两个研究假设。调查结果-调查结果显示，一般谅解备忘录并没有充分注意到年轻人作为一个特别的目标亚群体，他们生活在农村地区，主要依赖非木制森林产品。研究结果还显示，阻碍农村年轻人使用和开发非森林采伐物的因素包括政策真空、非破坏性收获、自然生境的破坏、山火、人口增长和高需求。研究局限性/影响-半结构访谈问卷是由研究人员在研究助理的帮助下直接管理的。使用当地的研究助理,因为研究人员无法讲当地的语言和方言的周族人的许多民族,ogoni, Ikweres,蚀刻,Ekpeyes, Ogbas, Engennes, Obolos, Isokos, Nembes, Okirikas, Kalabaris, Urhobos, Iteskiris,伊博人,Ika-Igbos, Ndonis,或者,Ibenos、约鲁巴语,伊比比奥语,Anangs,埃菲克人,Bekwarras,比尼人,Eshans, Etsakos, Owans, Itigidis, Epies, Akokoedos, Yakkurs,等,在农村社区采样。实际影响——为了促进良好的安全、减少贫困和改善生计，特别是经济上处于边缘地位和依赖森林的农村年轻人的生计，必须建立一个适当的gmoua干预框架，可持续地促进非木制森林产品的推广、非木制森林产品的驯化、改进收获和加工技术。社会影响——撒哈拉以南非洲依赖森林的农村年轻人的可持续生计将需要采取一些有重点的社会责任干预措施，以实现可持续生计的NTFPs。应促进和建立与储存、分级、加工和通过汇合现有计划和方案增加价值有关的设施。moc能够使农村青年获得有关市场、政策和产品的信息，使撒哈拉以南非洲的农村人民能够制定战略并获得非木制森林产品的回报。原创性/价值——这项研究增加了关于发展中国家跨国企业社会责任倡议和东道国社区社会项目需求理由的文献。结论是，企业有义务帮助解决可持续生计问题。
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