Competitiveness and revealed comparative advantage in the SADC maize indust...

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英文文献：Competitiveness and revealed comparative advantage in the SADC maize industry-南共体玉米工业的竞争力和显性比较优势
英文文献作者：Mutambatsere, Emelly
英文文献摘要：
This paper evaluates the production and trade trends for maize and maize products in southern Africa, individual countries’ revealed comparative advantages in producing these products, and the expected implications of freer trade in this sector. The analysis employs mainly annual bilateral trade data for the period 1996-2004, evaluated using comprehensive descriptive measures and the Revealed Comparative Advantage index. Results indicate that at least half of the countries in the SADC region are deficit producers of maize and maize products, and that only South Africa is a net exporter of all products considered. Substantial cross-hauling is observed, and the bulk of locally produced products are traded regionally, with over 90% regional bias for half of all positive trade, although specific opportunities for increased regional trade also exist. Tariff protection generally lies below rates observed elsewhere in the world for this sector; however, for half of the region, consistent non-tariff measures also are maintained. Regional competitiveness in production is restricted to a few countries that possess the capacity to produce and export significant quantities; and with the exception of those countries, the region as a whole lacks net comparative advantage in maize and maize flour production by global standards. These results suggest a need for concurrent policy interventions to improve production, regional and international trade. Food security strategies focusing solely on improving regional trade, while beneficial to specific regional producers, are unlikely to produce major food security benefits.

本文评估了南部非洲的玉米和玉米产品的生产和贸易趋势，各个国家在生产这些产品方面显示的比较优势，以及该部门自由贸易的预期影响。分析主要使用1996-2004年期间的年度双边贸易数据，使用综合描述性措施和显示的比较优势指数进行评估。结果表明，南部非洲发展共同体区域至少有一半的国家是玉米和玉米产品的逆差生产国，只有南非是所考虑的所有产品的净出口国。观察到大量的交叉运输，当地生产的产品大部分是区域贸易，所有正贸易中有一半有超过90%的区域偏向，尽管也存在增加区域贸易的具体机会。关税保护一般低于世界其他地方对该部门所实行的税率;然而，在该区域的一半地区，也维持一贯的非关税措施。区域在生产方面的竞争力局限于几个拥有生产和出口大量产品能力的国家;除这些国家外，按全球标准，整个区域在玉米和玉米面粉生产方面缺乏净比较优势。这些结果表明，需要同时进行政策干预，以改善生产、区域和国际贸易。仅仅注重改善区域贸易的粮食安全战略虽然有利于特定的区域生产者，但不太可能产生重大的粮食安全利益。

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