Alternative to Disincentive Rice Producer Prices in Madagascar: Case Study ...

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英文文献：Alternative to Disincentive Rice Producer Prices in Madagascar: Case Study in Alaotra Prefecture and Bongolava Prefecture-抑制马达加斯加稻米生产者价格的替代方法:对Alaotra县和Bongolava县的案例研究
英文文献作者：Ralandison, Tsilavo,Shiratake, Yoshiharu
英文文献摘要：
This study identifies the reasons for low producer prices of rice that have not covered its production costs for many years in Madagascar. The following points will be discussed: the farmers’ marketing conditions and the rural rice market structure, including the functions of each intervening trader preceding rice distribution in urban centers. The study also assesses current functions of the agricultural farmer cooperative: an organization expected to enable the establishment of fair trade in the domestic rice market. The data come from interviews conducted with 120 farmers, 20 traders, and the survey of the overall cooperative associations in two prefectures and main rice suppliers of the capital city. The analysis reveals that farmers were often compelled to sell their products largely to the nearby village assemblers who are under the commission of large traders located in urban cities. Despite the fact that farmers do not maintain bargaining power for a variety of reasons, there have been no rural organizations, such as agricultural farmer cooperatives, established to support them in many areas. The few agricultural farmer cooperatives that have been introduced recently maintain only limited market power because they are ill-suited to deal with the farmers’ conditions. The results suggest that the major issues which may deserve more attention are: the emergence and furtherance of a cooperative movement which fits the local conditions, the enforcement of market rules, and the establishment of marketing institutions that ensure fair trade.

这项研究确定了多年来马达加斯加大米生产者价格低、无法支付其生产成本的原因。本文将讨论以下几个问题:农民的市场营销条件和农村稻米市场的结构，包括各中间商在城市稻米流通前的作用。该研究还评估了农业农民合作社的当前功能:一个有望在国内大米市场建立公平贸易的组织。数据来自对120名农民、20名贸易商的访谈，以及对两个县的整体合作协会和首都主要大米供应商的调查。分析表明，农民常常被迫将他们的大部分产品卖给附近的乡村装配器，这些装配器受城市大商人的委托。尽管农民由于种种原因没有保持讨价还价的能力，但在许多地区没有建立诸如农业农民合作社这样的农村组织来支持他们。最近引入的少数农民合作社只维持有限的市场力量，因为它们不适合处理农民的情况。研究结果显示，需要更多关注的主要议题有:适合当地情况的合作社运动的出现和推进、市场规则的执行、以及确保公平贸易的市场营销机构的建立。

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